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Given the cross\u2010talk between the HPA and HPG axes and their increased activation in adolescence, a dual\u2010axis approach that examines both axes simultaneously is proposed to predict the emergence and persistence of adolescent mental health problems. After briefly orienting readers to HPA and HPG axis functioning, we review the literature examining associations between hormone levels and changes with behavior during adolescence. Then, we provide a review of the literature supporting examination of both axes simultaneously and present the limited research that has taken a dual\u2010axis approach. We propose future directions including consideration of between\u2010person and within\u2010person approaches to address questions of correlated changes in HPA and HPG hormones. Potential moderators are considered to increase understanding of the nuanced hormone\u2013behavior associations during key developmental transitions<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2014 <jats:italic>Wiley Periodicals, Inc<\/jats:italic>. 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