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Emotion\u2010modulated reflexes, eye\u2010blink startle (defensive) and postauricular (appetitive), were measured in 12\u2010to\u201013\u2010year\u2010old internationally adopted youth (from foster care or from institutional settings) and compared to non\u2010adopted US born controls. <jats:styled-content>Startle Reflex<\/jats:styled-content>: adopted youth displayed lower overall startle amplitude across all valences and startle potentiation to negative images was negatively related to severity of pre\u2010adoption neglect. <jats:styled-content>Postauricular reflex<\/jats:styled-content> (PAR): adopted youth showed larger PAR magnitude across all valences. <jats:styled-content>Puberty<\/jats:styled-content>: adopted youth showed diminished PAR potentiation to positive images and startle potentiation during mid\/late puberty versus the opposite pattern in not\u2010adopted. Early neglect was associated with blunted fast defensive reflexes and heightened fast appetitive reflexes. After puberty, early neglected youth showed physiological hyporeactivity to threatening and appetitive stimuli versus heightened reactivity in not adopted youth. Behavioral correlates in this sample and possible neurodevelopmental mechanisms of psychophysiological differences are discussed. \u00a9 2015 <jats:italic>Wiley Periodicals, Inc<\/jats:italic>. 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