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Parental depression was assessed using a clinical interview, and parental hostility was assessed using an observational parent\u2010child interaction task. Results indicated that the combination of parental lifetime depression and high parental hostility was associated with lower morning cortisol levels in both parents and children. This interactive effect was present in children regardless of their exposure to parental depression. In addition, the combination of higher levels of parents\u2019 current depressive symptoms and parental hostility was associated with lower parent CAR. Lastly, parents\u2019 and children's lower morning cortisol levels were associated with parent\u2010reported child externalizing symptoms. Findings demonstrate that parents and children have similar stress system functioning related to parental depression and the parenting context, as well as children's behavioral problems, which may play a role in the intergenerational transmission of risk for psychopathology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.21556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]],"date-time":"2017-08-23T06:28:43Z","timestamp":1503469723000},"page":"997-1009","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Parental depression and parent and child stress physiology: Moderation by parental hostility"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Stephanie M.","family":"Merwin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Maryland College Park Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3597-744X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine A.","family":"Leppert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Maryland College Park Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria C.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Maryland College Park Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2612-7686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lea R.","family":"Dougherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Maryland College Park Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Manual for the ASEBA preschool forms & profiles","author":"Achenbach T. 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