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A prospective sample of 155 infants born preterm and healthy (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200920), medical illness (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200948), neurological illness (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200926), and small for gestational age (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200924) and full\u2010term (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200937) were recruited between 1985 and 1989. At age 23 years, multiple saliva samples were collected before and after participation in the Trier Social Stress Test and later assayed for cortisol. Results reveal that at age 23 years, infants born premature with neurological complications showed higher cortisol reactivity to social evaluative threat compared to either their full\u2010term, small for gestation age, medically ill, or healthy preterm peers. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for contemporary theories that propose effects of early adversity on biological sensitivities and susceptibilities, which translate experience into developmental outcomes related to poor health and risk for disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.21570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,28]],"date-time":"2017-10-28T11:06:36Z","timestamp":1509188796000},"page":"976-983","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Prematurity and perinatal adversity effects hypothalamic\u2010pituitary\u2010adrenal axis reactivity to social evaluative threat in adulthood"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8470-3421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary C.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suzy B.","family":"Winchester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Crystal I.","family":"Bryce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics Arizona State University Tempe Arizona"},{"name":"Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research University of California Irvine Irvine California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas A.","family":"Granger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research University of California Irvine Irvine California"},{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland"},{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2816"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2252"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1995.tb01730.x"},{"volume-title":"Preterm birth, causes, consequences, and prevention","year":"2007","author":"Behrman R.","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2011.01643.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579405050145"},{"issue":"0","key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480090092034","article-title":"The concepts of stress and stress system disorders: Overview of physical and behavioral homeostasis","volume":"267","author":"Chrousos G. 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