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Electrocardiogram of 43 four\u2010year\u2010olds was registered during a sequence of games including a win phase and a lose phase, while conceptual shifting ability was assessed via a standardized test. Cluster analyses revealed three profiles of cardiac vagal response to the task. Children in the first cluster displayed significant vagal withdrawal, children in the second cluster showed nonsignificant vagal withdrawal, while children in the third group displayed vagal augmentation to the challenge. These profiles differentiated preschoolers\u2019 conceptual shifting ability. Specifically, children with vagal withdrawal had the best performance in categorization and flexibility tasks and committed fewer perseverative errors compared to children who showed blunted vagal withdrawal or vagal augmentation to the challenge. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.21787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T03:04:51Z","timestamp":1540263891000},"page":"116-124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Profiles of vagal withdrawal to challenging interactions: Links with preschoolers\u2019 conceptual shifting ability"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6290-322X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Scrimin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization University of Padova Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Patron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Psychology University of Padova Padova 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