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In this study, we investigated the effects of maternal separation (MS) on the development of anorexia in rodents using the mild\u2010stress form of the activity\u2010based anorexia (ABA) model (2\u00a0hr of free access to a running wheel and a 1\u2010hr feeding test) in both male and female rats. We assessed anxiety\u2010like and locomotor behavior and hyperactivity with the open field and elevated plus maze tests. Our results showed that ABA rats of both sexes displayed hyperactive behavior associated with reduced anxiety\u2010like behavior when compared to controls. However, a sexually dimorphic effect of MS emerged in anorexic rats: while the females exposed to MS\u00a0+\u00a0ABA were hyperactive with diminished anxiety\u2010related behaviors compared to females of the ABA group, MS in males attenuated or did not alter the effects of the ABA protocol. In conclusion, our data reveal that the synergistic effects of MS and ABA on physical activity and anxiety\u2010like behavior act in opposite directions in the two sexes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.21909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]],"date-time":"2019-09-10T02:40:26Z","timestamp":1568083226000},"page":"297-309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Sexually dimorphic behavioral effects of maternal separation in anorexic rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2308-5038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Farinetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience \u201cRita Levi Montalcini\u201d University of Turin Turin Italy"},{"name":"NICO\u2010 Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi Turin 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