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We examined this same ADR measure in relation to the stability of observed shyness and parent\u2010reported child social anxiety measured across two laboratory visits separated by approximately 1\u00a0year during late childhood in 51 children (33% female, age range 10\u201316\u00a0years). We found that the overall frontal ADR\u00a0score was significantly lower among children with high, stable observed shyness and parent\u2010reported child social anxiety compared to children in the low, stable class. Findings provide convergent evidence suggesting that the stability of shyness in late childhood may be linked to relatively less overall frontal brain maturation at this age. We speculate on the adaptive function of delaying frontal brain maturation in the origins and maintenance of children's shyness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.21919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]],"date-time":"2019-09-12T10:20:08Z","timestamp":1568283608000},"page":"446-453","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Frontal brain maturation and the stability of children\u2019s shyness"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7954-0664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louis A.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2360-9540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristie L.","family":"Poole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2003.00149.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000276522"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/0269-8803\/a000052"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200301000-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15326942dn3101_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2008.08.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","volume-title":"Common problems\/proper solutions: Avoiding error in quantitative research","author":"Bentler P. 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