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The heightened call rate of isolation\u2010induced USVs indicates increased anxiety, whereas other acoustic parameters, such as frequency and call duration, are thought to be useful in reflecting developmental changes, which by weaning have developed into their adult form. However, it is possible that stress can affect the quality as well as the quantity of calls, and that as the pups become more mobile, the effects of the stress may change. Therefore, in the present study rats were tested in a test arena either in isolation or with littermates, so as to assess the effects of isolation stress on the developmental changes reported in the literature. Rat pups of both sexes were tested on multiple days from postnatal day (PND) 7 to weaning. Overall, the main changes in the frequency, duration, and types of calls were accounted for by age. The effects of isolation were minor, as were sex differences. This study indicates that the development of USVs in infant rats is a robust process and seemingly resistant to the effects of isolation\u2010induced stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.21933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]],"date-time":"2019-11-04T03:28:04Z","timestamp":1572838084000},"page":"617-630","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Development of ultrasonic calls in rat pups follows similar patterns regardless of isolation distress"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4929-3444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel A.","family":"Stark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience University of Lethbridge Lethbridge AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allonna","family":"Harker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience University of Lethbridge Lethbridge AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Salamanca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience University of Lethbridge Lethbridge AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio M.","family":"Pellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience University of Lethbridge Lethbridge AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangfang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Lethbridge Lethbridge AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robbin L.","family":"Gibb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience University of Lethbridge Lethbridge AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0077533"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-3472(67)90018-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2012.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/bne0000153"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.114.5.983"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(91)90423-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.104.5.808"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.420250402"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.110.2.305"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-3472(64)90062-4"},{"issue":"13483","key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Understanding pup affective state through ethologically significant ultrasonic vocalization frequency","volume":"7","author":"Boulanger\u2010Bertolus J.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0425-12.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(01)00277-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(05)80296-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(93)90102-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2302(199904)34:3<195::AID-DEV4>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7036.108.3.298"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0012889"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2005.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2018.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2017.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175841"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.106.2.421"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X0900900208"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.420230604"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","unstructured":"deMendiburu F.(2019).agricolae: Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. 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