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Children's positive affect is believed to be significantly shaped by their environment in general and their caregivers\u2019 positive affect in particular. The current study investigates the role of child cardiac vagal regulation, a psychophysiological marker for social engagement, in shaping the association between maternal positive affect and child positive affect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mothers and daughters (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>dyads<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a028) participated in two experimental conditions. In the non\u2010interactive condition, they separately drew a picture without interacting. In the cooperative condition, they drew a picture together. We measured child respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), a widely used indicator of cardiac vagal regulation, during both conditions. We also coded maternal and child positive affect during the cooperative condition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal positive affect was related to child positive affect, but only for children with medium\u2010to\u2010high tonic levels of RSA and RSA increases from non\u2010interaction to interaction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results suggest that child RSA plays a significant role in positive emotion socialization, by making children more susceptible to the emotional cues of their caregivers. Hence, child RSA should be taken into account in preventive and therapeutic efforts regarding child positive affect socialization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.21939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,21]],"date-time":"2019-11-21T08:30:54Z","timestamp":1574325054000},"page":"804-815","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The association between mothers\u2019 and daughters\u2019 positive affect is moderated by child cardiac vagal regulation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9068-6071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofie","family":"Rousseau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ziama Arkin Infancy Institute Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya (IDC) Herzliya Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lior","family":"Kritzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sagol Center for Brain and Mind Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya (IDC) Herzliya Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahl I.","family":"Frenkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ziama Arkin Infancy Institute Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya (IDC) Herzliya Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nava","family":"Levit\u2010Binnun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sagol Center for Brain and Mind Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya (IDC) Herzliya Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulia","family":"Golland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sagol Center for Brain and Mind Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya (IDC) Herzliya Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2006.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0012815"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","volume-title":"Observing behavior: An introduction to sequential analysis","author":"Bakeman R.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327906mbr4003_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579401002012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0025583"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1129836"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8721.2007.00525.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017376"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1993.tb01731.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1997.tb02140.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2016.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579405050145"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.179.2.144"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2006.00467.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"261","volume-title":"Transitions in early socioemotional development: The toddler","author":"Calkins S. 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