{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T17:34:14Z","timestamp":1787938454027,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626134400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]],"date-time":"2020-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 MH083173\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 MH083173\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016228976"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016228976"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Developmental Psychobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>According to polyvagal theory, rapid modulation of the vagal brake develops early in infancy and supports social interactions. Despite being viewed as a dynamic system, researchers typically assess vagal regulation using global measures of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA; an index of vagal tone). This study sought to capture the dynamic property of RSA and evaluate individual differences in within\u2010infant RSA responsivity during mother\u2013infant interaction. RSA was evaluated in a sample of 135 6\u2010month\u2010old Mexican\u2010American infants during a 5\u2010min free play task. Mothers reported on their children's behavioral problems and competence at 18\u00a0months using the Brief Infant\u2010Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment. Time\u2010varying estimates of infant RSA during the interaction were obtained using a multiple window technique and spectrogram analysis. Using structural equation modeling, we evaluated whether within\u2010infant <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic> of RSA predicted infants\u2019 behavioral problems and competence at 18\u00a0months, after adjusting for infants\u2019 mean RSA and covariates. Greater within\u2010infant <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic> of RSA predicted more behavior problems at 18\u00a0months. This study demonstrates that assessing intra\u2010individual variability in RSA, or the extent to which infants fluctuate around their average level of RSA during a task, enhances our ability to test polyvagal theory's central tenet: vagal regulation supports well\u2010regulated social interaction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.22018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T02:26:23Z","timestamp":1594693583000},"page":"582-588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Quantifying the dynamic nature of vagal responsivity in infancy: Methodological innovations and theoretical implications"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5334-0370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Somers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9821-9606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah G.","family":"Curci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda J.","family":"Luecken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2006.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.112.4.545"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010328115110"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579401002012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsh017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327078IN0302_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","volume-title":"Brain\u2010body center","author":"CardioBatch software","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2012.736042"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2008.01979.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","volume-title":"Applied missing data analysis","author":"Enders C. 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