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The pituitary gland, however, is composed of an anterior and a posterior lobe with distinct histological and neuroendocrinological properties. While the anterior (but not posterior) pituitary gland is directly involved in the hypothalamic\u2010pituitary\u2010adrenal axis (HPAA) stress response, no studies have examined the effects of ELS on anterior PGV (aPGV). The present study investigated whether previously reported associations between ELS and PGV development during adolescence were driven by aPGV versus posterior PGV (pPGV). Ninety\u2010one adolescents (49 males) were included from a longitudinal, community\u2010based adolescent development study investigating risk for psychopathology. ELS (maternal affective behavior, childhood maltreatment, stressful life events) was assessed during early adolescence. Participants underwent two waves of structural magnetic resonance imaging during mid\u2010 and late\u2010adolescence, and aPGV and pPGV were manually traced. Regression analyses showed that childhood maltreatment predicted greater aPGV growth in females. This finding was stronger than that previously reported for PGV. No associations were found between ELS and pPGV development. Neither aPGV nor pPGV changes mediated associations between ELS and psychopathology. Results suggest that ELS may accelerate aPGV (but not pPGV) growth throughout adolescence. Investigating the development of aPGV, rather than PGV, represents a novel approach to studying the effects of stress on HPAA functioning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.22047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]],"date-time":"2020-10-20T04:10:27Z","timestamp":1603167027000},"page":"808-816","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Associations between early life stress and anterior pituitary gland volume development \u2013 A novel index of long\u2010term hypothalamic\u2010pituitary\u2010adrenal axis functioning"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2184-6243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmela","family":"D\u00edaz\u2010Arteche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre Departmet of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian G.","family":"Simmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre Departmet of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health VIC Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences The University of Melbourne VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Despina E.","family":"Ganella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Theme The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health VIC Australia"},{"name":"Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health The University of Melbourne VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orli","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orygen, Centre for Youth Mental Health The University of Melbourne VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jee Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Theme The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health VIC Australia"},{"name":"Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health The University of Melbourne VIC Australia"},{"name":"IMPACT \u2013 The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University Geelong VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paige","family":"Farrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre Departmet of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Whittle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre Departmet of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health VIC Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences The University of Melbourne VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2009.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-019-01942-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4112"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.56.6.893"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199703000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","volume-title":"Manual for the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire","author":"Bernstein D.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.261055045"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000341736"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.187.1.8451394"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2015.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-120-1-381"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.58.110405.085605"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01157-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"161","volume-title":"Separation and depression: Clinical and research aspects","author":"Holmes T. 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