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Previous studies with humans showed that infants and preschool children, socially separated during video experiments, were not infected by others' yawns. Here, we tested the occurrence of yawn contagion in 129 preschool children (ranging from 2.5 to 5.5\u00a0years) belonging to five different classes by video recording them in their classrooms during the ordinary school activities. As it occurs in adult humans, children of all ages were infected by others' yawns within the 2\u00a0min after the perception of the stimulus. The yawn contagion occurred earlier than previously thought. For children, it appears that the natural social setting is more conducive to yawn contagion than the inherently artificial experimental approach. Moreover, children's gender did not affect the level of contagious yawning. The neural, emotional and behavioural traits of preschool children are probably not sufficiently mature to express variability between boys and girls; nevertheless, children appeared to be already well equipped with the 'neural toolkit' necessary for expressing yawn contagion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.22094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T07:56:56Z","timestamp":1611820616000},"page":"931-944","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Earlier than previously thought: Yawn contagion in preschool children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7093-0025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giada","family":"Cordoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural History Museum University of Pisa  Calci Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Favilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural History Museum University of Pisa  Calci Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2038-4596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Palagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural History Museum University of Pisa  Calci Pisa Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Ethology Department of Biology University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156853974X00534"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Psychological influences on yawning in children","volume":"11","author":"Anderson J. 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