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An estimated 7% of U.S. children experience the incarceration of a parent, increasing their risk for poor developmental and health outcomes. Although stress processes are often suggested as an underlying mechanism linking paternal incarceration to child well\u2010being, few studies have examined such links. To study how witnessing a father's arrest prior to incarceration in jail relates to children's stress processes, we collected data on 123 individuals from 41 families with young children whose father was in jail, including collecting hair from 41 children, and analyzed their cumulative stress hormones, cortisol, and cortisone. Results indicate that children had higher cumulative stress hormone concentrations when they witnessed their father's arrest. Moreover, there was evidence of a blunted stress reaction in children who witnessed the arrest and who also had high levels of ongoing behavioral stress symptoms, similar to findings in Post\u2010Traumatic Stress Disorder studies. Long\u2010term exposure to stress can have deleterious effects on children's brain development, further increasing risk for developmental psychopathology. Findings have implications for criminal justice approaches that safeguard children during parental arrest.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.22113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T05:52:28Z","timestamp":1614318748000},"page":"1568-1582","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Getting under the skin: Physiological stress and witnessing paternal arrest in young children with incarcerated fathers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0969-581X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke","family":"Muentner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison WI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amita","family":"Kapoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin National Primate Research Center University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison WI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Weymouth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Institute University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison WI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9249-2425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"Poehlmann\u2010Tynan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Ecology University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison WI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Manual for the ASEBA preschool forms and profiles","author":"Achenbach T. 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