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Infants\u2019 attachments to mothers were assessed prior to child care entry and to care providers five months later using the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP). Infant heart rate was monitored at home, during adaptation to childcare (mothers present), and during subsequent separations. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was computed from the beat\u2010to\u2010beat measures of heart rate to reflect vagal tone, which is reduced during chronic states of stress, and was collected upon\n                    <jats:italic>Arrival<\/jats:italic>\n                    , during in\u2010group\n                    <jats:italic>Play<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and when in the\n                    <jats:italic>Group<\/jats:italic>\n                    more generally. All infants responded to childcare entry with low RSA levels indicating stress. However, during adaptation with the mother present, RSA was higher for securely attached infants. On the first separation day, 35.3% of the infants fussed and cried extensively. These intense protests predicted later secure attachments to care providers, which adaptively helped to reduce stress, especially in infants who protested extensively, as if summoning their mothers back. Because extensive protest suggests limited regulatory capacities, infants risk overburdening the stress system when left unsupported.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.22156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T22:07:37Z","timestamp":1625177257000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Infants\u2019 stress responses and protest behaviors at childcare entry and the role of care providers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2039-4695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lieselotte","family":"Ahnert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin Berlin  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Eckstein\u2010Madry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Vienna Vienna  Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Piskernik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Vienna Vienna  Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen W.","family":"Porges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Lamb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge Cambridge  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"31","volume-title":"Attachment: The fundamental questions","author":"Ahnert L.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u20108624.2004.00698.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u20108624.2006.00896.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467\u20108624.00587"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","volume-title":"Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation","author":"Ainsworth M. 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