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Healthy family environments may buffer these effects, but neural pathways explaining these associations remain inadequately understood. We used data from 3154 children (<jats:italic>x\u0305<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a010.1) to test whether healthy family functioning moderated possible associations between violence victimization, behavior problems, and amygdala volume (a threat\u2010responsive brain region). Researchers collected data on childhood violence victimization, family functioning (McMaster Family Assessment Device, range 0\u20133, higher scores indicate healthier functioning), and behavior problems (Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist [CBCL] total problem score, range 0\u2013117), and they scanned children with magnetic resonance imaging. We standardized amygdala volumes and fit confounder\u2010adjusted models with \u201cvictimization\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0family functioning\u201d interaction terms. Family functioning moderated associations between victimization, behavior problems, and amygdala volume. Among lower functioning families (functioning score\u00a0=\u00a01.0), victimization was associated with a 26.1 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.9, 42.4) unit higher CBCL behavior problem score, yet victimized children from higher functioning families (score\u00a0=\u00a03.0) exhibited no such association. Unexpectedly, victimization was associated with <jats:italic>higher<\/jats:italic> standardized amygdala volume among <jats:italic>lower<\/jats:italic> functioning families (<jats:italic>\u0177<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.5; 95% CI: 0.1, 1.0) but <jats:italic>lower<\/jats:italic> volume among <jats:italic>higher<\/jats:italic> functioning families (<jats:italic>\u0177<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.4; 95% CI: \u22120.7, \u22120.2). Thus, healthy family environments may mitigate some neurobehavioral effects of childhood victimization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.22398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T10:15:44Z","timestamp":1684232144000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Behavioral and neurostructural correlates of childhood physical violence victimization: Interaction with family functioning"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0813-018X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott W.","family":"Delaney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Erasmus University Medical Center  Rotterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea P.","family":"Cortes Hidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Erasmus University Medical Center  Rotterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"The Generation R Study Group Erasmus University Medical Center  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tonya","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Erasmus University Medical Center  Rotterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Erasmus University Medical Center  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastien","family":"Haneuse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kerry J.","family":"Ressler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital Harvard Medical School  Belmont Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Tiemeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Erasmus University Medical Center  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura D.","family":"Kubzansky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness Harvard T.H. 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