{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T10:55:09Z","timestamp":1784199309576,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]],"date-time":"2023-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BCS 1749280"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BCS 1749280"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Developmental Psychobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study explored the neural correlates of emotion regulation and emotional reactivity in early to mid\u2010childhood. A sample of 96 children (70% White, mid\u2010to\u2010high socioeconomic status) aged 3\u20138\u00a0years provided structural neuroimaging data and caregivers reported on emotion regulation and emotional reactivity. The amygdala, insula, inferior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, and medial orbitofrontal cortex were explored as a priori regions of interest (ROIs). ROI analyses revealed that emotion regulation was positively associated with cortical thickness in the insula, whereas emotional reactivity was negatively associated with cortical thickness in the inferior frontal gyrus. Exploratory whole\u2010brain analyses suggested positive associations between emotion regulation and both left superior temporal thickness and right inferior temporal thickness, as well as negative associations between emotional reactivity and left superior temporal thickness. There were no significant associations between emotional regulation or reactivity and amygdala volume or cortical surface area. These findings support the notion that surface area and cortical thickness are distinct measures of brain maturation. In sum, these findings suggest that children may rely on a wider set of neural regions for emotion regulation and reactivity than adults, which is consistent with theories of interactive specialization across the life span.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.22412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T06:49:50Z","timestamp":1690440590000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Emotion regulation and reactivity are associated with cortical thickness in early to mid\u2010childhood"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2813-0371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arcadia","family":"Ewell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences Boston University  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Allard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4884-7844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morgan","family":"Botdorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"},{"name":"Children's Hospital of Philadelphia  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Graduate Psychology James Madison University  Harrisonburg Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy","family":"Riggins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0606005103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bs8040039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682\u2010018\u20109994\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065\u2010012\u20109214\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2008.12.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5834.1994.tb01277.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327078IN0302_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0030737"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1074192"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23139"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2020.110156"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10409280903305716"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u20108624.2004.00673.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J002v34n03_06"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024521920068"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u20107687.2005.00454.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/204380871300400501"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467\u20108624.00337"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1993.tb02961.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01777.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00940.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00738.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.200033797"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896\u20106273(02)00569\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2022.740195"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2014.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.60.1.94"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2009.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr232"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19960304)366:2<223::AID-CNE3>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1138741600006302"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.06.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.06.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2006.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038234"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u20103514.85.2.348"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e328152777e"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.07.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nst130"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure","volume":"6","author":"Holm S.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Statistics"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(90)90031-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.06.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm244"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579408000175"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467\u20108624.00120"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2010.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2063\u201007.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862\u2010019\u201009741\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2008.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1007779107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467\u20106494.7106008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016569"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1376.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023503"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5840\/philtopics201947220"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","first-page":"468","article-title":"Relations of children's social status to their emotionality and regulation: A short\u2010term longitudinal study","volume":"45","author":"Maszk P.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Merrill\u2010Palmer Quarterly"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.105212"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsq103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2015.05.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750\u20108606.2011.00188.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721420917713"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23053"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751\u20109004.2011.00410.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272431699019001004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826\u2010018\u20101188\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2005.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2009.02459.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749\u20106632.2012.06751.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp2603_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1242-09.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579414001035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2008.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2020.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_1","first-page":"724","article-title":"Evolution of the neocortex: A perspective from developmental biology","volume":"10","author":"Rakic P.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0054\u201011.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470147658.chpsy0303"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_1","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Advances in developmental psychology","author":"Rothbart M. K.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-10-55"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjdp.12055"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.182.6.525"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.33.6.906"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579418000445"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1993.tb02962.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.420270702"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719000709"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.23.2.jnp121"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579407070228"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.457"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21458"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2019.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702614537627"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046970"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3215\u201005.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nst183"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.11.010"}],"container-title":["Developmental Psychobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dev.22412","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dev.22412","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T02:50:39Z","timestamp":1692759039000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dev.22412"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]},"references-count":105,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dev.22412"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dev.22412","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-1630","1098-2302"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-1630","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2302","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-09-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e22412"}}