{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T00:47:23Z","timestamp":1775263643138,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Developmental Psychobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exposure of pregnant women to physical and emotional violence during pregnancy adversely affects the health of the mother and the fetus. This study aimed to assess the effects of emotional and physical partner violence on prenatal attachment and depression levels in pregnant women. Five\u2010hundred and ten pregnant women in the second and third trimesters were included in the study. A personal information form, the Epidemiological Research Center Depression Scale, and the prenatal attachment inventory (PAI) were used for data collection. Although 7.5% of the pregnant women were exposed to physical partner violence during pregnancy, 24.3% were exposed to emotional partner violence. Depression was observed in 86.9% of the pregnant women, whereas the mean PAI score was 37.29\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010.504. There was a statistically significant relationship between the pregnant women's exposure to physical (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.046) and emotional partner violence (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001) and depression. In this study, it was determined that pregnant women's exposure to emotional partner violence poses a risk for depression during pregnancy (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.002; odds ratio\u00a0=\u00a0.143). As professionals working with pregnant women, obstetricians and maternity nurses should inquire about the exposure of pregnant women to partner violence during antenatal follow\u2010ups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.22429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T19:28:54Z","timestamp":1696534134000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The effect of physical and emotional partner violence exerted during pregnancy on prenatal attachment and depression levels in pregnant women"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Hacer","family":"Alan Dikmen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Midwifery Department, Faculty of Health Sciences Selcuk University  Konya Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7004-1439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cevriye Ocaktan","family":"Tetik\u00e7ok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Midwifery Department, Faculty of Health Sciences Selcuk University  Konya Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13178\u2010015\u20100195\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.13756"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260511425248"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0300\u20101652.150696"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.13034"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Gebelikte e\u015f \u015fiddeti: Risk fakt\u00f6rleri, sa\u011fl\u0131k sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve tarama ara\u00e7lar\u0131","volume":"2","author":"Bozkurt \u00d6. D.","year":"2016","journal-title":"T\u00fcrkiye Klinikleri Journal of Obstetric\u2010Women's Health and Diseases Nursing\u2010Special Topics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260521997451"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.05.042"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Gebelikte fiziksel ve ruhsal \u015fiddet durumunda ebelik yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131","volume":"2","author":"\u00c7illi B.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hali\u00e7 \u00dcniversitesi Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri Dergisi"},{"issue":"30","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with intimate partner violence during pregnancy in Caxias, state of Maranh\u00e3o, Brazil, 2019\u20132020","volume":"2","author":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o H. N. D.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epidemiologia e Servi\u00e7os de Sa\u00fade"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of experiencing physical, emotional, and sexual violence by a current intimate partner during pregnancy: Population\u2010based estimates from the pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system","volume":"38","author":"D'Angelo D. V.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Family Violence"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260519897339"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2020.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717000617"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0194681"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737\u2010011\u20100249\u20108"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","article-title":"Sociodemographic characteristics of pregnant women exposed to domestic violence during pregnancy in an Iranian setting","volume":"16","author":"Golchin N. A. H.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21763\/tjfmpc.780158"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","unstructured":"Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies (HUIPS). (2014).T\u00fcrkiye'de Kad\u0131na Y\u00f6nelik Aile \u0130\u00e7i \u015eiddet Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 2014.http:\/\/www.hips.hacettepe.edu.tr\/KKSA\u2010TRAnaRaporKitap26Mart.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884\u2010021\u201004367\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260512455872"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0886\u20106708.VV\u2010D\u201012\u201000034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/pmb.1\u20101456817687"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","unstructured":"Karsl\u0131o\u011flu \u00dc.(2019).Kad\u0131na y\u00f6nelik aile i\u00e7i \u015fiddetin gebeli\u011fe uyum ve maternal\u2010fetal ba\u011flanma ile ili\u015fkisi[Master thesis \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc University Institute of Educational Sciences]."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-014-9633-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","first-page":"36","article-title":"The relationship with prenatalattachment of psychosocial health status of pregnant women","volume":"5","author":"Karako\u00e7 H.","year":"2017","journal-title":"InternationalJournal of Health Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","first-page":"217","article-title":"Gebelikte depresyon ya\u015fama durumu ve etkileyen fakt\u00f6rler","volume":"7","author":"Kartal B.","year":"2017","journal-title":"\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u0131p Dergisi"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019394599301500205"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838017731570"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.06.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17082644"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/pmb.1-1376588340"},{"issue":"358","key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The association of maternal exposure to domestic violence during childhood with prenatal attachment, maternal\u2010fetal heart rate, and infant behavioral regulation","volume":"9","author":"Sancho\u2010Rossignol A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","first-page":"270","article-title":"Gebelikteki \u015eiddetin Maternal\u2010Fetal Etkileri","volume":"9","author":"Sezgin D.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ankara Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri Dergisi"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010018\u20105464\u2010z"},{"issue":"108","key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prenatal depression and its associated risk factors among pregnant women in Bangalore: A hospital based prevalence study","volume":"7","author":"Sheeba B.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","volume-title":"Using multivariate statistics","author":"Tabachnick B. G.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30569\/adiyamansaglik.806662"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10177833.2010.11790662"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4717485"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Gebelikte ya\u015fanan aile i\u00e7i \u015fiddetin do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesi: Nitel bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma","volume":"10","author":"Topatan S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"D\u00fczce \u00dcniversitesi Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Dergisi"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5336\/healthsci.2019\u201065201"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"The effect of anxiety, depression, and prenatal distress levels in pregnancy on prenatal attachment","volume":"16","author":"Tuncel N. T.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Jinekoloji Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji T\u0131p Dergisi"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). (2011).Intimate partner violence during pregnancy.https:\/\/www.who.int\/reproductivehealth\/publications\/violence\/rhr_11_35\/en\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). (2018).Violence against women prevalence estimates.https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240022256"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","first-page":"99","article-title":"Gebelerin stresle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kma, depresyon ve prenatal ba\u011flanma d\u00fczeyleri ve bunlar\u0131 etkileyen fakt\u00f6rler","volume":"20","author":"Y\u0131lmaz S. D.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Genel Tip Dergisi"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Gebelikte depresyon ve anksiyete artar m\u0131?","volume":"10","author":"Zaman F. K.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Konuralp Medical Journal"}],"container-title":["Developmental Psychobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dev.22429","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T09:00:53Z","timestamp":1697792453000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dev.22429"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dev.22429"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dev.22429","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-1630","1098-2302"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-1630","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2302","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-12-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e22429"}}