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In rodent models, including the prairie vole (\n                    <jats:italic>Microtus ochrogaster<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), it has been shown that oxytocin administered to mothers can affect the nervous system of the offspring with long\u2010lasting behavioral effects especially on sociality. Here, we examined the hypothesis that perinatal oxytocin exposure could have epigenetic and transcriptomic consequences. Prairie voles were exposed to exogenous oxytocin, through injections given to the mother just prior to birth, and were studied at the time of weaning. The outcome of this study revealed increased epigenetic age in oxytocin\u2010exposed animals compared to the saline\u2010exposed group. Oxytocin exposure led to 900 differentially methylated CpG sites (annotated to 589 genes), and two CpG sites (two genes) remained significantly different after correction for multiple comparisons. Differentially methylated CpG sites were enriched in genes known to be involved in regulation of gene expression and neurodevelopment. Using RNA\u2010sequencing, we also found 217 nominally differentially expressed genes (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05) in nucleus accumbens, a brain region involved in reward circuitry and social behavior; after corrections for multiple comparisons, six genes remained significantly differentially expressed. Finally, we found that maternal oxytocin administration led to widespread alternative splicing in the nucleus accumbens. These results indicate that oxytocin exposure during birth may have long\u2010lasting epigenetic consequences. A need for further investigation of how oxytocin administration impacts development and behavior throughout the life span is supported by these outcomes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.22452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T23:04:21Z","timestamp":1704409461000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Maternal oxytocin treatment at birth increases epigenetic age in male offspring"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7867-8300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua S.","family":"Danoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Virginia  Charlottesville Virginia USA"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Rutgers University  Piscataway New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Sue","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Virginia  Charlottesville Virginia USA"},{"name":"Kinsey Institute Indiana University  Bloomington Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juozas","family":"Gordevi\u010dius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epigenetic Clock Development Foundation  Torrance California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2214-9140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milda","family":"Mil\u010di\u016bt\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epigenetic Clock Development Foundation  Torrance California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert T.","family":"Brooke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epigenetic Clock Development Foundation  Torrance California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica J.","family":"Connelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Virginia  Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison M.","family":"Perkeybile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Virginia  Charlottesville Virginia USA"},{"name":"Kinsey Institute Indiana University  Bloomington Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12154"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2011.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/203414a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.0910704"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6661(199609\/10)5:5<245::AID-MFM3>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aav2244"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12186"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1133212"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2011.00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104859"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Births: Final data for 2021","volume":"72","author":"Osterman M. 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