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Aims of this study are to analyze the relationship among attachment styles, early maladaptive schemas, and substance use; test the predictive role of attachment styles on substance use; and observe the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in the relationship between attachment and substance use. The sample consisted of 1533 adolescents from Ecuador (53.9% males) aged between 14 and 18 years (<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a015.76; SD\u00a0=\u00a01.25). The attachment styles of security, value to parental authority, parental permissiveness, parental interference, self\u2010sufficiency and resentment against parents, childhood trauma, and family concern predict substance use (tobacco, alcohol, tranquilizers\/sedatives or sleeping pills, hashish or marijuana, cocaine, GHB or liquid ecstasy, ecstasy, amphetamines\/speed, hallucinogens, heroin, inhalants\/volatiles), and the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas is confirmed (explained variance up to 33.33%). Identifying risk or vulnerability factors, such as attachment and early maladaptive schemas related to substance consumption, is especially relevant for designing and implementing preventive interventions in the adolescent population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.22532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T19:04:13Z","timestamp":1722971053000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Substance Use and Its Relationship With Attachment and Early Maladaptive Schemes in Adolescents in Ecuador"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0656-9954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leticia","family":"Olave","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences International University of Valencia  Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2047-7178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janire","family":"Mome\u00f1e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Personality, Evaluation and Treatments, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Deusto  Bilbao Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3290-9185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Mac\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Personality, Evaluation and Treatments, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Deusto  Bilbao Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1789-1930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Mac\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Psychological Processes and their Development University of the Basque Country, Leioa  Bizkaia Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8284-2337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Dolores","family":"Ch\u00e1vez\u2010Vera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Technical University of Manab\u00ed  Portoviejo Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0128-2033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Herrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Personality, Evaluation and Treatments, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Deusto  Bilbao Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0314-7086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Est\u00e9vez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Personality, Evaluation and Treatments, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Deusto  Bilbao Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5495-7172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Itziar","family":"Iruarrizaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes and Speech Therapy, Faculty of Social Work Complutense University of Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Patterns of Attachment: A Psychological Study of the Strange Situation","year":"1978","author":"Ainsworth M. 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