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Between preterm birth and term equivalent age (TEA), cerebellar development continues despite these challenges. We hypothesize that neurosteroid replacement therapy during this time will support optimal cerebellar development. Guinea pig sows delivered at term (\u223c69 days gestation) or were induced to deliver preterm (\u223c62 days), with preterm pups receiving ganaxolone or vehicle until TEA. Postnatal assessments comprised salivary cortisol (corrected postnatal age [CPA] 0, 7, 38), behavioral analysis (CPA7, 38), and tissue collection (CPA0 and CPA40). Neurodevelopmental markers (MBP, Olig2, and NeuN) were assessed in the cerebellum by immunohistochemistry, whereas RT\u2010PCR was utilized to investigate key inhibitory\/excitatory pathways and oligodendrocyte lineage markers. Following preterm birth, there was evidence of a hyperactive phenotype, increased salivary cortisol concentrations, and impaired myelination and oligodendrocyte maturation at the protein level. mRNA expressions of key inhibitory\/excitatory pathways and myelin stability were also altered following preterm birth. Importantly, we showed that neurosteroid replacement therapy returns cerebellar development and behavior toward a term\u2010like phenotype. Therefore, ganaxolone may reduce the vulnerability of the cerebellum to postnatal challenges arising from preterm birth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.22554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T18:20:58Z","timestamp":1728411658000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ganaxolone Therapy After Preterm Birth Restores Cerebellar Oligodendrocyte Maturation and Myelination in Guinea Pigs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Carlton L.","family":"Pavy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy University of Newcastle  Newcastle Australia"},{"name":"Mothers and Babies Research Centre Hunter Medical Research Institute  Newcastle New South Wales 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