{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T12:54:01Z","timestamp":1791032041005,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,13]],"date-time":"2004-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6495,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Developmental Psychobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nine premature and 28 full\u2010term infants were observed in their homes for 7 hr when they were 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks post\u2010term, and the sleeping and waking states displayed by these infants were compared. For these comparisons, the observation day was divided into two mutually exclusive contexts: times when the baby was alone and times when the baby was with the mother. The premature infants spent more time alone (mean of 5.4 hr a day) than the full\u2010terms (4.6 hr).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Over the total 7\u2010hr day, the premature infants spent more time in alert, nonalert waking activity, and sleep\u2010wake transition than the full\u2010terms, and they spent less time in drowse and total sleep. These results clearly indicate that, at the same post\u2010term ages, the sleep\u2010wake states of premature infants differ markedly from those of full\u2010terms. Four states showed significant Group \u00d7 Context interactions indicating that state differences between premature and full\u2010term infants were also a function of the context in which the infants were observed. For example, the prematures exhibited more fuss or cry and more drowse when alone; whereas the full\u2010terms exhibited more of these states when with their mothers. This finding of context\u2010related differences between prematures and full\u2010terms has implications for the conflicting reports in the literature, as heretofore the states of prematures and full\u2010terms have been compared from observations made in a single situation.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The results indicate that prematures exhibit significant commonality in their neurobehavioral development through the early post\u2010term period despite heterogeneity among them in their exposure to prenatal, perinatal, and early postnatal stresses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.420200107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T23:29:10Z","timestamp":1104622150000},"page":"25-38","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Behavioral states of premature infants: Implications for neural and behavioral development"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Diane Holditch","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyn B.","family":"Thoman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.43.227.89"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/8.3.173"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/8.3.193"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"The state variable in neonatal research: A review","volume":"19","author":"Ashton R.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Merrill Palmer Q."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1129175"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"67","volume-title":"Infant Behavior and Development: Perinatal Risk and Newborn Behavior","author":"Aylward G. 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