{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T13:14:31Z","timestamp":1788786871486,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,8]],"date-time":"2024-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Developmental Psychobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are characterized by deficits in social functioning, stereotyped patterns of behaviors, narrowed interests, and elevated anxiety. Certain ASD symptoms can persist, whereas others may improve throughout the lifespan, but the specific patterns of changes have not been clearly delineated. Using a valproic acid (VPA) rat model of ASD, the present study took a developmental approach and examined how autistic\u2010like behaviors, including anxiety\u2010like behavior, object obsession, and social functioning deficits, manifested differently in three critical periods representing preadolescent (postnatal day [PND] 25), adolescent (PND 45), and adulthood life stage (PND 75) in a sex\u2010dependent manner. Starting on PNDs 25, 45, and 75, VPA\u2010 or saline\u2010exposed male and female offspring were tested in an elevated plus maze (EPM) and a newly validated composite social and object interaction and a triple recognition test (object, spatial, and social recognition). Across the three age groups, VPA\u2010exposed offspring did not exhibit enhanced anxiety\u2010like behavior in the EPM nor enhanced object interaction (\u201cobject obsession\u201d) in the triple recognition test. However, both male and female preadolescent (PND 25) VPA\u2010exposed offspring showed a significantly increased latency to initiate social contact than the saline\u2010exposed controls, although their latencies to contact novel objects were comparable to those of the controls. Male preadolescent and adolescent VPA\u2010exposed offspring, to a lesser extent the female preadolescent offspring, exhibited significantly lower levels of social interaction. These social functioning deficits were absent in adult VPA offspring. Additionally, prenatal VPA exposure did not cause an impairment of object recognition, spatial recognition, or social recognition of a familiar conspecific. Unexpectedly, it enhanced social recognition of a novel conspecific, but only in adolescent female offspring. These findings suggest that this rat model based on prenatal VPA exposure is valid in capturing early social motivational and functioning deficits but is limited in its capacity to model increased object obsession and enhanced anxiety as seen in ASD, as well as the developmental trajectory of non\u2010social ASD symptoms. Recognizing these limitations is important as it informs us how to properly use this model to investigate the neurobiology of ASD and incentivizes us to develop better rodent models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.70008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T04:20:01Z","timestamp":1733718001000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Developmental Trajectory of Autistic\u2010Like Behaviors in a Prenatal Valproic Acid Rat Model of Autism"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9287-9777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Lian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Colleage of Teacher Education Shaoxing University  Shaoxing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colleage of Teacher Education 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