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Participants were 200 first\u2010time mothers and their infants living in low\u2010income contexts. Mothers reported on ACEs and contextual risk (economic insecurity, cumulative risk) during their pregnancy (T1). Observed parenting behaviors and mothers\u2019 and infants\u2019 baseline RSA were obtained when the infants were 2\u20134\u00a0months of age (T2) and 4\u20136\u00a0months of age (T3). The results from path analyses showed that mothers\u2019 experiences of ACEs were related to higher current economic insecurity and cumulative risk. Higher current economic insecurity predicted lower baseline RSA at T2 in infants but not in mothers, whereas mothers\u2019 report of ACEs predicted lower maternal baseline RSA at T2. Higher maternal baseline RSA at T2 predicted relative increases in infant RSA from T2 to T3. Maternal responsiveness was unrelated to ACEs and current contextual risk but predicted relative increases in infant baseline RSA from T2 to T3, indicating an independent effect of parenting. The findings highlight potential pathways for the intergenerational transmission of experiences of adversity. Mothers\u2019 own experiences of adversity as a child may impact a psychophysiological substrate of emotion regulation of infants through current economic insecurity and maternal emotional regulation, whereas maternal parenting appears to independently support a correlate of infant regulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.70043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T05:47:56Z","timestamp":1744264076000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["New Mothers\u2019 Experiences of Childhood Adversity and Current Context of Economic Adversity Predict Parent and Infant RSA"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0609-4138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie","family":"Thompson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Moini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Shimomaeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4031-6718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lindsey","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dannielle","family":"Whiley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liliana J.","family":"Lengua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104734"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3818"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2015.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","volume-title":"Nelson Essentials of Pediatrics","author":"Behrman R. 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