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Contemporary taxonomies of adversity seek to distill the diverse stressors children face into meaningful categories of experience to enable more precise prediction of risk; however, few studies have tested these models using data\u2010driven approaches in well\u2010characterized, longitudinal samples. Here, we examined the latent structure of early stress across diverse domains of exposure, tested differential associations with psychopathology in adolescence, and investigated frontolimbic functional connectivity as a potential mediator. In a sample of 168 youth (\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a011.36), factor analyses identified two latent stress factors at baseline\u2014\u201cParenting\u201d and \u201cDeprivation &amp; Unpredictability\u201d\u2014and a single \u201cPsychopathology\u201d factor extracted from measures of mental health obtained 2 years later. While adverse parenting predicted greater psychopathology, exposure to threat emerged as the strongest predictor of adolescent mental health problems. High\u2010dimensional regularized mediation analyses revealed that frontolimbic functional connectivity mediated the association between Threat and Psychopathology in girls but not in boys. These findings suggest that widely used dimensional models overlook key aspects of adversity, including sex\u2010linked asymmetries across neurodevelopment and the distinct role of parenting\u2010related stress. Refining adversity taxonomies across diverse samples and stress domains is crucial to advancing targeted interventions for youth mental health.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.70080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T06:30:28Z","timestamp":1756881028000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Frontolimbic Connectivity and Threat\u2010Related Psychopathology: A Data\u2010Driven Test of Models of Early Adversity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9890-2197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chase","family":"Antonacci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Stanford University  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Buthmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Stanford University  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica P.","family":"Uy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Stanford University  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parmis","family":"Khosravi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoonji","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Stanford University  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian H.","family":"Gotlib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Stanford University  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Clinical Psychology","author":"Achenbach T. 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