{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:51:09Z","timestamp":1791265869267,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Developmental Psychobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study examined whether saliva\u2010derived DNA methylation in the glucocorticoid receptor (\n                    <jats:italic>NR3C1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) gene was linked to loneliness through dysregulation of the hypothalamic\u2010pituitary\u2010adrenal axis (HPA\u2010axis) in 101 early adolescents (\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 11.61 years, SD\n                    <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 0.64, 55.45% girls). Using person\u2010centered analyses to account for interindividual differences in adolescents\u2019 stress reactivity, we identified three subgroups of cortisol responders to a social evaluative stressor: A hyporesponsive subgroup (30.5%), a moderate\u2010responsive subgroup (44.2%), and a hyperresponsive subgroup (25.3%). Exploratory analyses also identified subgroups for two markers of the autonomous nervous system (ANS), that is, heart rate (HR) and skin conductance (SC). Furthermore, the indirect effects from\n                    <jats:italic>NR3C1<\/jats:italic>\n                    methylation to early adolescent loneliness via individual differences in stress responses were examined. Results indicated that higher\n                    <jats:italic>NR3C1<\/jats:italic>\n                    methylation levels were associated with a lower probability of belonging to the most reactive stress response subgroups for cortisol and HR, and to the high mean\u2010level subgroup for SC. Additionally, higher probabilities of belonging to the low mean\u2010level SC subgroup were associated with higher levels of loneliness. However, there was no evidence that\n                    <jats:italic>NR3C1<\/jats:italic>\n                    methylation was associated with early adolescent loneliness, either directly or indirectly via stress reactivity. These findings highlight significant individual differences in stress reactivity, emphasizing the need to explicitly consider such variability in future research. Moreover, the results suggest that\n                    <jats:italic>NR3C1<\/jats:italic>\n                    methylation is linked to individual differences in stress responding, warranting further investigation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.70190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:58:18Z","timestamp":1787032698000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Is Stress Reactivity an Intermediary Mechanism in the Association Between NR3C1 Methylation and Adolescent Loneliness?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Yentl","family":"Koopmans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School Psychology and Development in Context, KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie A.","family":"Nelemans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Youth and Family Utrecht University  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Bijttebier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School Psychology and Development in Context, KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Bosmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"Van Den Noortgate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Methodology of Educational Sciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karla","family":"Van Leeuwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parenting and Special Education KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Goossens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School Psychology and Development in Context, KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2019.00294"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2019.03.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.08.081"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2020.100272"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10253890.2021.1923692"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579405050145"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buecker S. 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