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Witnessed social defeat stress (WSDS) is a paradigm in which a juvenile or adult rodent observes aggressive encounters, affecting stress physiology and behavior. We developed a novel early\u2010life stress model by exposing lactating rat dams to WSDS and assessed its impact on juvenile social behavior and stress\u2010related physiology. At postnatal day 24, same\u2010sex, age\u2010matched pairs of offspring were tested for social play by scoring pouncing (play initiation), pinning, chasing, and evading. Locomotor activity was assessed in the open field on the same day. After behavioral testing, adrenal cortex weight was measured as an indirect marker of stress\u2010related physiology. Maternal WSDS exposure was associated with a significant sex\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0WSDS interaction in pouncing behavior, with reduced pouncing in juvenile males, whereas no comparable effect was observed in females. WSDS exposure also increased adrenal cortex weight overall, although the sex\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0WSDS interaction for this measure was not significant. The reduction in pouncing was characterized by substantial within\u2010group variability, and randomization\u2010based sensitivity analysis indicated that the statistical significance of the sex\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0WSDS interaction was sensitive to focal\u2010animal assignment. These findings suggest that maternal WSDS exposure may produce a specific and variable alteration in social play initiation, together with changes in stress\u2010related physiology, during early juvenile development. This model may provide a useful framework for investigating how maternal psychosocial stress influences offspring behavioral and physiological development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.70205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:17:26Z","timestamp":1791346646000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Maternal Exposure to Witnessed Social Defeat Stress Induces Sex\u2010Specific Disruptions in Juvenile Social Play Behavior in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5560-5684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew Justin","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Studies (CIESAL), Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences Universidad de Valpara\u00edso  Valpara\u00edso Chile"},{"name":"Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Menci\u00f3n Neurociencia Universidad de Valpara\u00edso  Valpara\u00edso Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6844-956X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robinson","family":"Carrasco\u2010Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Studies (CIESAL), Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences Universidad de Valpara\u00edso  Valpara\u00edso Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6658-7865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arabia","family":"Olea\u2010Araya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Studies (CIESAL), Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences Universidad de Valpara\u00edso  Valpara\u00edso Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6409-1544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo R.","family":"Moya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Centro de Estudios Traslacionales en Estr\u00e9s y Salud Mental (C\u2010ESTRES), Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Science Universidad de Valpara\u00edso  Valpara\u00edso Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9909-9826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexies","family":"Dagnino\u2010Subiabre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Studies (CIESAL), Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences Universidad de Valpara\u00edso  Valpara\u00edso Chile"},{"name":"Instituto Milenio Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valpara\u00edso Universidad de Valpara\u00edso  Valpara\u00edso Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2023.104933"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016437","article-title":"Effects of Neonatal Handling on Playfulness by Means of Reversal of the Desire to Play in Rats (Rattus norvegicus)","volume":"123","author":"Aguilar R.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-020-00574-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293\u2010015\u20100034\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.10069"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102826.2009.01871.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003\u20103472(66)80099\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003\u20103472(67)90018\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0524\u201022.2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003\u20103472(64)90062\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2014.00216"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102826.2010.01969.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/3229.001.0001","volume-title":"The Genesis of Animal Play: Testing the Limits","author":"Burghardt G. 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