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Wistar male and female rats received daily s.c. injections from postnatal day (P) 1 to P5 of vehicle, flutamide, letrozole, or finasteride. In young adult animals, locomotor activity and anxiety\u2010like behavior were evaluated via the open field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze (EPM). Females showed higher locomotor activity than males in both tests. Control females showed a less anxiety\u2010like profile than control males in the EPM. Flutamide treatment abolished sex differences in EPM open\u2010arm anxiety\u2010related measures and increased the number of freezing episodes and their duration in the OFT. However, finasteride treatment preserved the sex differences observed in the control groups in anxiety\u2010like measures. Finally, aromatase inhibition abolished sex differences in anxiety\u2010like behavior and induced an anxiolytic\u2010like effect in males, as indicated by increased open\u2010arm entries relative to control males. These findings indicate that androgen\u2010related pathways during early postnatal life shape adult anxiety\u2010like behavior in a sex\u2010dependent and pathway\u2010dependent manner and highlight aromatization as a key mechanism in the organization of EPM behavioral outcomes in males.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.70211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T05:47:43Z","timestamp":1792129663000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Early Postnatal Androgenic Activity Inhibition Produces Differential Long\u2010Term Alterations in Anxiety\u2010Like Behavior in Young Adult Male and Female Wistar Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Ulises","family":"Primo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychobiology National University of Distance Education (UNED)  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"University Institute of Research\u2010UNED\u2010Institute of Health Carlos III (IMIENS)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose Manuel","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychobiology National University of Distance Education (UNED)  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"University Institute of Research\u2010UNED\u2010Institute of Health Carlos III (IMIENS)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010\u00dabeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychobiology National University of Distance Education (UNED)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paloma","family":"Collado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychobiology National University of Distance Education (UNED)  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"University Institute of Research\u2010UNED\u2010Institute of Health Carlos III (IMIENS)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Carrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychobiology National University of Distance Education (UNED)  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"University Institute of Research\u2010UNED\u2010Institute of Health Carlos III (IMIENS)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Pinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychobiology National University of Distance Education (UNED)  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"University Institute of Research\u2010UNED\u2010Institute of Health Carlos III (IMIENS)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1006\/hbeh.2002.1838","article-title":"Testosterone Rapidly Reduces Anxiety in Male House Mice (Mus musculus)","volume":"42","author":"Aikey J.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hormones and Behavior"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2009.03.011","article-title":"The Organizational\u2013activational Hypothesis as the Foundation for a Unified Theory of Sexual Differentiation of all Mammalian Tissues","volume":"55","author":"Arnold A. 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