{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T13:08:19Z","timestamp":1791205699572,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,7]],"date-time":"2011-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1315353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Metabolism Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prolactin improves glucose homeostasis by increasing \u03b2\u2010cell mass under certain conditions such as pregnancy, whereas hyperprolactinaemia due to a pituitary gland adenoma tumour exacerbates insulin resistance. However, previous studies have not evaluated how prolactin modulates \u03b2\u2010cell function and insulin sensitivity at different dosages. Here, we determined that chronic intraperitoneal injections of different dosages of prolactin have opposite effects on insulin resistance and \u03b2\u2010cell function and mass in 90% pancreatectomized diabetic male rats, and the mechanisms were explored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diabetic rats were divided into three groups according to the dose of intraperitoneally injected prolactin for 4 weeks: (1) low dose of prolactin (25 \u00b5g\/kg bw\/12 h), (2) high dose of prolactin (250 \u00b5g\/kg bw\/12 h), and (3) vehicle. As a non\u2010diabetic control group, sham\u2010operated rats were injected with vehicle.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic high\u2010 and low\u2010dose prolactin injections elevated serum prolactin levels by 2.5\u2010 and 11.8\u2010fold, respectively. Both dosages promoted \u03b2\u2010cell mass by increasing \u03b2\u2010cell proliferation and neogenesis through the potentiation of phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 and decreased menin expression in diabetic rats. However, only the low\u2010dose prolactin injection potentiated glucose\u2010stimulated insulin secretion though glucokinase and glucose transporter 2 induction in the diabetic rats. In addition, low\u2010dose prolactin decreased hepatic glucose output in hyperinsulinaemic states, indicating an improvement in hepatic insulin resistance. However, the high\u2010dose prolactin injection exacerbated whole\u2010body and hepatic insulin resistance in diabetic rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In contrast to the normal adaptive increases in glucose\u2010stimulated insulin secretion through expanded \u03b2\u2010cell mass and insulin sensitivity realized with moderately increased prolactin levels, high levels of prolactin exacerbate insulin resistance and impair the insulin\u2010secretory capacity in diabetic mice. Copyright \u00a9 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.1215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,10]],"date-time":"2011-05-10T11:34:59Z","timestamp":1305027299000},"page":"564-574","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Serum prolactin concentrations determine whether they improve or impair \u03b2\u2010cell function and insulin sensitivity in diabetic rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Sunmin","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da Sol","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James 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