{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:14:54Z","timestamp":1791267294465,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,6]],"date-time":"2011-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Metabolism Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This consensus document provides evidence\u2010based guidelines regarding the evaluation of diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) for human research studies; the guidelines are the result of the work of the CAN Subcommittee of the Toronto Diabetic Neuropathy Expert Group. The subcommittee critically reviewed the limitations and strengths of the available diagnostic approaches for CAN and the need for developing new tests for autonomic function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>It was concluded that the most sensitive and specific approaches currently available to evaluate CAN in clinical research are: (1) heart rate variability, (2) baroreflex sensitivity, (3) muscle sympathetic nerve activity, (4) plasma catecholamines, and (5) heart sympathetic imaging. It was also recommended that efforts should be undertaken to develop new non\u2010invasive and safe CAN tests to be used in clinical research, with higher sensitivity and specificity, for studying the pathophysiology of CAN and evaluating new therapeutic approaches. Copyright \u00a9 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.1224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,21]],"date-time":"2011-06-21T08:31:31Z","timestamp":1308645091000},"page":"654-664","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":137,"title":["Methods of investigation for cardiac autonomic dysfunction in human research studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Luciano","family":"Bernardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenza","family":"Spallone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jannik","family":"Hilsted","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Frontoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodica","family":"Pop\u2010Busui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Ziegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Kempler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip","family":"Low","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solomon","family":"Tesfaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Valensi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of The Toronto Consensus Panel on Diabetic Neuropathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000336345.70511.0f"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.98.23.2640\/a"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1985.248.1.H151"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","first-page":"H680","article-title":"Hemodynamic fluctuations and baroreflex sensitivity in humans: a beat\u2010to\u2010beat model","volume":"253","author":"de Boer RW","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0880103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2005.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1997.273.4.H1867"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","first-page":"H1231","article-title":"Transfer function analysis of the circulation: unique insights into cardiovascular regulation","volume":"261","author":"Saul JP","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.90.4.1826"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200018120-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00246.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.10.2895"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/24.12.969"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-6363(96)00081-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.5.1043"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1838(88)90078-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-005-0247-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2007.02076.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(97)00017-5"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_21_2","first-page":"331","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of arterial baroreflex activity in diabetes","volume":"13","author":"Bernardi L","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Nutr Metab"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157339907781368931"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.31.1.68"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)11144-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.09.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000254377.18983.eb"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.10.1793"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250050851"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8227(98)00094-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-009-1340-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.7.1837"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00487.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc2901.093111"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00031.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-004-1601-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1056-8727(98)00010-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(80)90099-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198008213030806"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000058766.46428.F3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.1995.tb00479.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-097X.1988.tb00222.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110394"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.29.4.257"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00400101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.1993.tb00010.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.46.7.1172"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(92)90043-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0850045"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.10.961"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_2","first-page":"1287","article-title":"Myocardial kinetics of carbon\u201011\u2010meta\u2010hydroxyephedrine (HED): retention mechanisms and effects of norepinephrine","volume":"34","author":"DeGrado TR","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02281904"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(93)90553-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03164921"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00128-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mnc.2000.108606"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_56_2","first-page":"350","article-title":"Assessment of sympathetic innervation of the heart in diabetes mellitus using 123I\u2010MIBG","volume":"13","author":"Giordano A","year":"2000","journal-title":"Metab Clin Exp"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)00337-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.09.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(99)90016-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.45.6.801","article-title":"Reduced myocardial 123I\u2010metaiodo\u2010 benzylguanidine uptake in newly diagnosed IDDM patients","volume":"45","author":"Schnell O","year":"1996","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250050928"}],"container-title":["Diabetes\/Metabolism Research and Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fdmrr.1224","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dmrr.1224","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T01:01:26Z","timestamp":1697590886000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dmrr.1224"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dmrr.1224"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dmrr.1224","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-7552","1520-7560"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-7552","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-7560","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]}}}