{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T21:41:50Z","timestamp":1792446110329,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,6]],"date-time":"2011-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Metabolism Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prior to a joint meeting of the Neurodiab Association and International Symposium on Diabetic Neuropathy held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 13\u201018 October 2009, Solomon Tesfaye, Sheffield, UK, convened a panel of neuromuscular experts to provide an update on polyneuropathies associated with diabetes (Toronto Consensus Panels on DPNs, 2009). Herein, we provide definitions of typical and atypical diabetic polyneuropathies (DPNs), diagnostic criteria, and approaches to diagnose sensorimotor polyneuropathy as well as to estimate severity. Diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN), or typical DPN, usually develops on long\u2010standing hyperglycaemia, consequent metabolic derangements and microvessel alterations. It is frequently associated with microvessel retinal and kidney disease\u2014but other causes must be excluded. By contrast, atypical DPNs are intercurrent painful and autonomic small\u2010fibre polyneuropathies. Recognizing that there is a need to detect and estimate severity of DSPN validly and reproducibly, we define subclinical DSPN using nerve conduction criteria and define possible, probable, and confirmed clinical levels of DSPN. For conduct of epidemiologic surveys and randomized controlled trials, it is necessary to pre\u2010specify which attributes of nerve conduction are to be used, the criterion for diagnosis, reference values, correction for applicable variables, and the specific criterion for DSPN. Herein, we provide the performance characteristics of several criteria for the diagnosis of sensorimotor polyneuropathy in healthy subject\u2010 and diabetic subject cohorts. Also outlined here are staged and continuous approaches to estimate severity of DSPN. Copyright \u00a9 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.1226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,22]],"date-time":"2011-06-22T01:50:27Z","timestamp":1308707427000},"page":"620-628","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":427,"title":["Diabetic polyneuropathies: update on research definition, diagnostic criteria and estimation of severity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Dyck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James W.","family":"Albers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph C.","family":"Arezzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geert\u2010Jan","family":"Biessels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Bril","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva L.","family":"Feldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Litchy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter C.","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James W.","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of The Toronto Expert Panel on Diabetic Neuropathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-1303"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","first-page":"926","article-title":"Beitrag zur Klinik des diabetes mellitus","volume":"43","author":"Leyden E","year":"1893","journal-title":"Wien Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.4.817"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7216-9491-7.50088-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.46.2.S54"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","first-page":"175","volume-title":"Textbook of Diabetic Neuropathy","author":"Thomas PK","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.6.1458"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.4.956"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.9.2113"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.6.1197"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.35.5.530","article-title":"The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT): design and methodologic considerations for the feasibility phase","volume":"35","author":"DCCT Research Group","year":"1986","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199309303291401"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.17.11.1281"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.9.1479"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032782"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-0525"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e32830b84cb"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_19_2","first-page":"79","article-title":"Future prevention and treatment of diabetic neuropathy","volume":"24","author":"Tomlinson DR","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138945008783431781"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8027.2009.00237.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.37.1.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199307000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410360312"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00265018","article-title":"Near normoglycaemia improved nerve conduction and vibration sensation in diabetic neuropathy","volume":"28","author":"Service FJ","year":"1985","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00403376"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Diabetic neuropathy. 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