{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T16:00:42Z","timestamp":1789920042098,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,8]],"date-time":"2011-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1320710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Metabolism Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To test whether self\u2010reported lower respiratory tract infections in early infancy predicted risk for islet autoimmunity in genetically predisposed children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The environmental triggers for type 1 diabetes (MIDIA) study recruited newborns in Norway to identify those with the human leukocyte antigen high\u2010risk genotype DR4\u2010DQ8\/DR3\u2010DQ2. Of 46 939 newborns genotyped, 1003 (2.1%) carried the high\u2010risk genotype, of whom 885 children were followed longitudinally with questionnaires and blood samples for autoantibody testing at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age, and then annually until 4 years of age. The endpoint (autoimmunity) was defined as positivity for at least one of three autoantibodies (to insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) or protein tyrosine phosphatase\u2010like protein (IA2)) on at least two consecutive samples. The parents responded in the questionnaires, whether the child had had \u2018pneumonia, bronchitis or respiratory syncytial virus\u2019. Cox proportional hazards regression models with time\u2010dependent covariates were used to estimate hazard ratios for autoimmunity using STATA 10.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010two children developed autoimmunity, of whom 15 later developed type 1 diabetes. For 17 of the 42 cases (40%) \u2018pneumonia, bronchitis or respiratory syncytial virus\u2019 was reported (0.5\u20104 years of age) before or at the onset of autoimmunity. For 187 of the 843 non\u2010cases (22%) \u2018pneumonia, bronchitis or respiratory syncytial virus\u2019 was reported in the same age group. The hazard ratio was 3.4 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001, 95% confidence interval: 1.6\u20107.1) for developing autoimmunity. The estimated hazard ratio was only marginally influenced by adjustment for potential confounding factors. No association was found for other infectious self\u2010reported symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Self\u2010reported lower respiratory tract infections were associated with increased risk of islet autoimmunity in early infancy. Copyright \u00a9 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.1258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,9]],"date-time":"2011-11-09T02:03:11Z","timestamp":1320804191000},"page":"834-837","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Self\u2010reported lower respiratory tract infections and development of islet autoimmunity in children with the type 1 diabetes high\u2010risk HLA genotype: the MIDIA study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Trond","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabet","family":"Wits\u00f8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"German","family":"Tapia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars C.","family":"Stene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kjersti S.","family":"R\u00f8nningen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60568-7"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","first-page":"768","article-title":"How many and who are receiving medication for diabetes mellitus?","volume":"126","author":"Str\u00f8m H","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2007.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1526-0542(09)70013-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2005.048397"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.5.1128"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-004-1523-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2008.00939.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.3.5671.627"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.281.6233.99"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1824-7288-35-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20069"}],"container-title":["Diabetes\/Metabolism Research and Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fdmrr.1258","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dmrr.1258","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T19:49:31Z","timestamp":1694461771000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dmrr.1258"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dmrr.1258"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dmrr.1258","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-7552","1520-7560"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-7552","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-7560","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]}}}