{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T22:57:53Z","timestamp":1768085873543,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,3]],"date-time":"2012-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Metabolism Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been recognized as a significant risk factor for metabolic syndrome and CVD. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationships between levels of cytokines, components of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk markers in women with previous gestational diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200941) with gestational diabetes background (cases) and 21 healthy women (controls) in the postpartum period were enrolled. Demographic and clinical data, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and uric acid and adipokine levels (TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20106, leptin and adiponectin) were compared and their relationships analysed. Metabolic syndrome prevalence was calculated by WHO and NCEP\u2010ATPIII definitions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were significant differences between cases and controls: body mass index (kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) 27.4\u2009\u00b1\u20095.6 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 23.9\u2009\u00b1\u20093.6 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.013), waist circumference (cm) 85.2\u2009\u00b1\u200912.9 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 77.5\u2009\u00b1\u20099.0 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.017), metabolic syndrome (WHO definition) 14.6% <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 0% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.012), metabolic syndrome (NCEP\u2010ATPIII definition) 22% <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 0% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002), low HDL 36.6% <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 9.5% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.024), fasting glucose (mmol\/L) 5.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 4.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), glucose 120\u2032 oral glucose tolerance test (mmol\/L) 5.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.7<jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 4.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.007), fasting insulin (\u03bcU\/mL) 13.4\u2009\u00b1\u20098.1 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 8.4\u2009\u00b1\u20094.3 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004), HOMA index 3.3\u2009\u00b1\u20092.3 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 1.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.0 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002), HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> (%) 5.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 5.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.021), uric acid (mg\/dL) 4.1\u2009\u00b1\u20091 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 3.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009), leptin (ng\/mL) 32\u2009025.5\u2009\u00b1\u200919\u2009917.3 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 20\u2009258.9\u2009\u00b1\u200916\u2009359.9 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.023), respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women with previous gestational diabetes have central adiposity, atherogenic lipid profile, carbohydrate intolerance and adverse adipokine profile, all of which are risk factors for the future development of metabolic disease and CVD. Copyright \u00a9 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,27]],"date-time":"2012-04-27T06:19:28Z","timestamp":1335507568000},"page":"542-548","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Adipokines and metabolic syndrome risk factors in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"M. Mar","family":"Roca\u2010Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Virgen de la Victoria Hospital  Malaga Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"L\u00f3pez\u2010Tinoco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Puerta del Mar Hospital  Cadiz Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Deudero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Puerta del Mar Hospital Investigation Unit  Cadiz Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mora","family":"Murri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virgen de la Victoria Hospital Investigation Unit (IMABIS)  Malaga Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Victoria","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Palacios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Puerta del Mar Hospital  Cadiz Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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