{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T04:27:36Z","timestamp":1717475256854},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,7]],"date-time":"2014-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Metabolism Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Obesity is associated with insulin resistance and chronic low\u2010grade inflammation. Insulin has been described to have anti\u2010inflammatory effects in immune cells. Therefore, insulin resistance in immune cells can be expected to have important consequences for immune function. Here, we investigate whether freshly isolated monocytes and T cells, isolated from study subjects with a normal or disturbed glucometabolic state, respond to insulin with phosphorylation of Akt, a key molecule in the insulin signalling pathway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 25 study subjects were enrolled in the study. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed, and from fasting insulin and glucose, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA\u2010IR) index was calculated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from heparinized blood and phenotypically characterized by flow cytometry. Basal and insulin\u2010induced fractions of pAkt(S473)\u2010positive monocytes and T cells were determined by Phosflow.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>On the basis of the OGTT, 11 subjects were classified as normal glucose tolerant (NGT), 9 had an impaired glucose metabolism (IGM) and 5 had type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The fraction of pAkt(S473)positive\u2010T cells and monocytes, in the absence of insulin, was low in all subjects. Incubation with insulin did not induce Akt phosphorylation in CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells in normal subjects. However, in the monocyte fraction, an insulin\u2010dose\u2010dependent increase of the pAkt(S473)positive\u2010cell fraction was observed. This response did not differ between NGT, IGM and T2DM and was not correlated with HOMA\u2010IR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we show that freshly isolated monocytes, but not T cells, are insulin\u2010sensitive cells and that this insulin sensitivity of monocytes is not negatively affected by the glucometabolic state of the donor. Copyright \u00a9 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,3]],"date-time":"2013-12-03T08:17:24Z","timestamp":1386058644000},"page":"323-332","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Monocytes, but not T cells, respond to insulin with Akt(S473) phosphorylation independent of the donor glucometabolic state"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"M. M.","family":"Thewissen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht University Medical Centre  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"van de Gaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht University Medical Centre  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. Th.","family":"den Boer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Centre  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. J.","family":"Munsters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Centre  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. E.","family":"Blaak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Centre  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Duijvestijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht University Medical Centre  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200319246"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.108.165100"},{"issue":"529061","key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","article-title":"Inflammatory concepts of obesity","volume":"2011","author":"Rocha VZ","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Inflamm"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.11.4854"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117936"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.90437.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/414799a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-8924(01)02129-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032712-095956"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0108024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2007.01786.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-0686"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.7.3257"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.3.8462"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2012.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-02-258558"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.10072"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1381\/096089205774859308"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000142055.53122.FA"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-1065"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2302"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2003.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(02)00323-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-006-0508-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12192-012-0336-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05485"},{"issue":"639803","key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","article-title":"Feeding our immune system: impact on metabolism","volume":"2008","author":"Wolowczuk I","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Dev Immunol"}],"container-title":["Diabetes\/Metabolism Research and Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fdmrr.2498","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dmrr.2498","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,7]],"date-time":"2023-10-07T02:07:45Z","timestamp":1696644465000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dmrr.2498"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,7]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dmrr.2498"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dmrr.2498","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-7552","1520-7560"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-7552","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-7560","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,7]]}}}