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However, the etiology of this obesity\u2010related pro\u2010inflammatory process remains unclear. Most studies have focused on adipose tissue dysfunctions and\/or insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells as well as changes in adipokine profile and macrophage recruitment as potential sources of inflammation. However, low\u2010grade systemic inflammation probably involves a complex network of signals interconnecting several organs. Recent evidences have suggested that disturbances in the composition of the gut microbial flora and alterations in levels of gut peptides following the ingestion of a high\u2010fat diet may be a cause of low\u2010grade systemic inflammation that may even precede and predispose to obesity, metabolic disorders or type 2 diabetes. This hypothesis is appealing because the gastrointestinal system is first exposed to nutrients and may thereby represent the first link in the chain of events leading to the development of obesity\u2010associated systemic inflammation. Therefore, the present review will summarize the latest advances interconnecting intestinal mucosal bacteria\u2010mediated inflammation, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in a coordinated circuitry favouring the onset of a high\u2010fat diet\u2010related systemic low\u2010grade inflammation preceding obesity and predisposing to metabolic disorders and\/or type 2 diabetes. A particular emphasis will be given to high\u2010fat diet\u2010induced alterations of gut homeostasis as an early initiator event of mucosal inflammation and adverse consequences contributing to the promotion of extended systemic inflammation, especially in adipose and muscular tissues. Copyright \u00a9 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,28]],"date-time":"2014-10-28T17:25:40Z","timestamp":1414517140000},"page":"545-561","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":179,"title":["Crosstalk between intestinal microbiota, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle as an early event in systemic low\u2010grade inflammation and the development of obesity and diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Bleau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Canada H3C 3P8"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antony D.","family":"Karelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinanthropology Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Canada H3C 3P8"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"St\u2010Pierre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinanthropology Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Canada H3C 3P8"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucie","family":"Lamontagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Canada H3C 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