{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:05:30Z","timestamp":1792782330329,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,28]],"date-time":"2017-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korea Healthcare Technology R&D Project, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["A102065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A102065"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00vxgjw72","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Metabolism Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Diabetes mellitus among young patients in Asia is caused by a complex set of factors. Although type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains the most common form of diabetes in children, the recent unabated increase in obesity has resulted in the emergence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) as a new type of diabetes among adolescents and young adults. In addition to the typical autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1aD) and T2D patients, there is a variable incidence of cases of non\u2010autoimmune types of T1D associated with insulin deficiency (T1bD). Additional forms have been described, including fulminant T1D (FT1D). Although most diagnoses of T1D are classified as T1aD, fulminant T1D exists as a hyper\u2010acute subtype of T1D that affects older children, without associated autoimmunity. Patient with this rare aetiology of diabetes showed a complete loss of \u03b2\u2010cell secretory capacity without evidence of recovery, necessitating long\u2010term treatment with insulin. In addition, latent autoimmune diabetes in adults is a form of autoimmune\u2010mediated diabetes, usually diagnosed during the insulin\u2010dependent stage that follows a non\u2010insulin requiring phase, which can be diagnosed earlier based on anti\u2010islet autoantibody positivity. Some reports discuss T1bD. Others are elaborating on the presence of \u201catypical T1b diabetes,\u201d such as Flatbush diabetes. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in young adults continues to rise in Asian populations as T2D increases. With improved characterization of patients with diabetes, the range of diabetic subgroups will become even more diverse in the future. Distinguishing T1D, T2D, and other forms of diabetes in young patients is challenging in Asian populations, as the correct diagnosis is clinically important and has implications for prognosis and management. Despite aetiological heterogeneity in the usual clinical setting, early diagnosis and classification of patients with diabetes relying on clinical grounds as well as measuring islet autoantibodies and fasting plasma C\u2010peptide could provide a possible viable method to minimize complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,23]],"date-time":"2017-05-23T16:40:25Z","timestamp":1495557625000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Clinical heterogeneity of type 1 diabetes (\n                    <scp>T1D<\/scp>\n                    ) found in Asia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3203-6780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongsoo","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute University of Louisville  Louisville KY USA"},{"name":"College of Medicine and Engineering Hanyang University  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kupper A.","family":"Wintergerst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute University of Louisville  Louisville KY USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology University of Louisville  Louisville KY USA"},{"name":"Wendy Novak Diabetes Care Center, Kosair Children's Hospital University of Louisville  Louisville KY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiguang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha 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