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The aim of this work was to investigate the independent effect of individual inflammatory markers and combinations of them on diabetes incidence and the potential mediating role of obesity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 2001 to 2002, a random sample of 1514 men (18\u201087\u00a0years old) and 1528 women (18\u201089\u00a0years old) was selected to participate in the ATTICA study, where Athens is a major metropolis. Interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106), C\u2010reactive protein (CRP), tumour necrosis factor\u2010alpha, serum amyloid alpha, fibrinogen, and homocysteine were measured. Covariates included various clinical, demographic, and lifestyle characteristics, assessed with standard procedures. In 2012, the 10\u00a0year follow\u2010up was performed. Diabetes diagnosis was defined according to American Diabetes Association criteria among n\u00a0=\u00a01485 participants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred ninety\u2010one incident cases of diabetes were documented, yielding an incidence of 12.9% (13.4% in men and 12.4% in women). After adjustments, only elevated IL\u20106 increased by 2.2 times the 10\u00a0year diabetes risk (third vs first tertile, 95% CI: 1.13, 4.28). After investigating combinations of inflammatory markers, combined elevated levels of CRP and IL\u20106 or CRP and fibrinogen (both markers \u226575th percentile vs &lt;75th percentile) increased the risk by 1.93 times (95% CI: 1.20, 3.08) and 2.37 times (95% CI: 1.37, 4.16), respectively. Body mass index was found to significantly mediate the aggravating effect of inflammation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The reported results underline the significant role of individual IL\u20106 or combinations of CRP\u2010IL\u20106 and CRP\u2010fibrinogen in diabetes prediction. Adiposity seems to be primarily responsible for an increase in inflammatory markers, leading through this mechanism to insulin resistance and increasing diabetes risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]],"date-time":"2017-08-23T12:04:39Z","timestamp":1503489879000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Single and combined effects of inflammatory markers on 10\u00a0year diabetes incidence: The mediating role of adiposity\u2014Results from the ATTICA cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Efi","family":"Koloverou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education Harokopio University  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8583-153X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Demosthenes B.","family":"Panagiotakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education Harokopio University  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ekavi N.","family":"Georgousopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education Harokopio University  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Chrysohoou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine University of Athens  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Tousoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine University of Athens  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christodoulos","family":"Stefanadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine University of Athens  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Pitsavos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine University of Athens  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"ATTICA Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2012.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.568"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1900\/RDS.2007.4.98"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1679"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db12-1625"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2012.00170"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0702"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-0036"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.10.2384"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.3.812"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-0922"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"283","article-title":"Reliability measures of the short International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in Greek young adults","volume":"50","author":"Papathanasiou G","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hellenic J Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/26.suppl_1.S118"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2005.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.20.7.1183","article-title":"Report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus","volume":"20","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-3-32"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1900\/RDS.2014.11.181"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","first-page":"1269","article-title":"A method of estimating comparative rates from clinical data; 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