{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T04:10:05Z","timestamp":1791519005842,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,21]],"date-time":"2017-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005716","name":"Babol University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005716","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Metabolism Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation on wound healing and metabolic status in subjects with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled trial was conducted among 60 subjects (aged 40\u201085\u00a0years old) with grade 3 diabetic foot ulcer. Individuals were randomly divided into 2 groups (30 subjects each group) to receive either probiotic or placebo daily for 12\u00a0weeks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After the 12\u2010week intervention, compared with the placebo, probiotic supplementation led to significant reductions in ulcer length (\u22121.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.9 vs. \u22120.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.7\u00a0cm,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.01), width (\u22121.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.7 vs. \u22120.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.7\u00a0cm,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.02), and depth (\u22120.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.3 vs. \u22120.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.3\u00a0cm,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.02). Furthermore, significant reductions in fasting plasma glucose (\u221229.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a030.3 vs. \u22125.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a039.8\u00a0mg\/dL,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.01), serum insulin concentrations (\u22124.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.9 vs. +0.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.5\u00a0\n                      <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                      IU\/mL,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.03), and haemoglobin A1c (\u22120.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.5 vs. \u22120.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.4%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.003) and a significant rise in the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+0.01\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.01 vs. \u22120.01\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.02,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.003) were seen following supplementation of probiotic compared with the placebo. Additionally, compared with the placebo, probiotic supplementation resulted in significant decreases in serum total cholesterol (\u22124.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a016.1 vs. +7.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a027.1\u00a0mg\/dL,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.04), high\u2010sensitivity C\u2010reactive protein (\u22129.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a014.7 vs. \u22121.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.6\u00a0mg\/L,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.02), plasma malondialdehyde (\u22120.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.8 vs. \u22120.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.8\u00a0\n                      <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                      mol\/L,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.001), and significant increases in plasma nitric oxide (+6.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.2 vs. +0.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.0\u00a0\n                      <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                      mol\/L,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.01) and total antioxidant capacity concentrations (+179.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a097.2 vs. \u221285.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0203.4\u00a0mmol\/L,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, probiotic supplementation for 12\u00a0weeks among subjects with diabetic foot ulcer had beneficial effects on ulcer size, glycaemic control, total cholesterol, high\u2010sensitivity C\u2010reactive protein, plasma nitric oxide, total antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  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