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Our aim was to determine the impact of oral insulin on the delicate gut microbiota composition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Female nonobese diabetic mice were given oral porcine insulin 2 times a week from 5\u00a0weeks of age for 4\u00a0weeks, and then subsequently once a week for 21\u00a0weeks, or until euthanized. The mice were divided into groups on a gluten\u2010reduced diet or a standard diet. Gut microbiota composition was analysed based on faecal samples, and the type 1 diabetes incidence of the mice was monitored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We observed no influence of the oral porcine insulin on the gut microbiota composition of mice on a gluten\u2010reduced or a standard diet at 9\u00a0weeks of age. Also, the administration of oral insulin did not influence the incidence of type 1 diabetes at 30\u00a0weeks of age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oral porcine insulin does not alter the gut microbiota composition of nonobese diabetic mice on either a gluten\u2010reduced diet or standard diet. Also, the oral porcine insulin did not influence the incidence of type 1 diabetes in the groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,11]],"date-time":"2018-04-11T03:23:31Z","timestamp":1523417011000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Oral insulin does not alter gut microbiota composition of NOD mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1374-2831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pernille","family":"Kihl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukasz","family":"Krych","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karsten","family":"Buschard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bartholin Institute Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johnna D.","family":"Wesley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc.  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