{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T09:53:00Z","timestamp":1792144380662,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,12]],"date-time":"2018-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Metabolism Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to establish the association between continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)\u2010defined glycaemic variability (GV) and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in type 1 diabetes independent of mean glucose and to examine the relative contribution of each internationally standardized CGM parameter to this association.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study included 80 adults with type 1 diabetes who underwent 3\u2010day CGM and autonomic function tests within 3\u00a0months. The degree of association between internationally standardized CGM parameters and CAN, defined as at least two abnormal parasympathetic tests or the presence of orthostatic hypotension, were analysed by logistic regression, receiver operating characteristics (ROC), and dominance analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 36 subjects (45.0%) were diagnosed with CAN. When adjusted with mean glucose and clinical risk factors of CAN, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, mean amplitude of glycaemic excursion, percent time in level 1 (glucose 54\u201069\u00a0mg\/dL) and level 2 (glucose\u00a0&lt;\u00a054\u00a0mg\/dL) hypoglycaemia, area under the curve in level 2 hypoglycaemia, low blood glucose index, high blood glucose index, and percent time in glucose 70 to 180\u00a0mg\/dL were independently associated with CAN. Multivariable ROC analysis and dominance analysis revealed the highest relative contribution of percent time in level 2 hypoglycaemia to the independent associations between CGM parameters and presence of CAN.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>CGM\u2010defined GV was associated with CAN independent of mean glucose in adults with type 1 diabetes. Among internationally standardized CGM parameters, those describing the degree of level 2 hypoglycaemia were the most significant contributors to this association.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,22]],"date-time":"2018-10-22T01:54:08Z","timestamp":1540173248000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Continuous glucose monitoring defined glucose variability is associated with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in type 1 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Ji Eun","family":"Jun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung\u2010Eun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"You\u2010Bin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital Korea University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Yeon","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gyuri","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyu Yeon","family":"Hur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moon\u2010Kyu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5929-3627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang\u2010Man","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5001-963X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Hyeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research Design &amp; Evaluation, SAIHST Sungkyunkwan University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v5.i1.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2050312114568476"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2016.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-2691"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164807"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-0107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-015-0233-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-018-0683-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.04.078"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.29.04.06.dc05-1433"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-003-1116-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-015-0713-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-1624"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-1600"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-2716"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-0445"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-0871","article-title":"Baroreflex sensitivity impairment during hypoglycemia: Implications for cardiovascular control","volume":"65","author":"Rao AD","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-1153"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","article-title":"Factors associated with greater benefit of a national reimbursement policy for blood glucose test strips in adult patients with type 1 diabetes: A prospective cohort study","author":"Jin SM","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/193229681300700136"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.8.5.491"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v6.i1.80"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.5.1470"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-017-0619-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-006-9018-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/jas.2010.611.619"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc3045"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","unstructured":"LuchmanJN.DOMIN: Stata module to conduct dominance analysis.https:\/\/ideas.repec.org\/c\/boc\/bocode\/s457629.html 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/1076998609332754"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00174"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.3.744"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.12.3592"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(05)70083-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53491-0.00023-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250050585"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91336-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b4909"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.301.6755.783"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2652"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-1469"}],"container-title":["Diabetes\/Metabolism Research and Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fdmrr.3092","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dmrr.3092","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T16:06:16Z","timestamp":1694707576000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dmrr.3092"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,12]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dmrr.3092"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dmrr.3092","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-7552","1520-7560"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-7552","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-7560","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-08-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-10-15","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-11-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e3092"}}