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Current data show that childhood obesity is no longer just a concern for developed countries, but more significantly affecting developing countries. In adult population, cardiovascular disease is the main cause of mortality and morbidity among obese patients. It is therefore believed that risk factors found in adult patients could also be observed in obese youth. These risk factors will then persist and become progressively worse if obese youth remain obese as they reach adulthood. However, risk reduction is achievable through various prevention and management strategies of obesity and obese children who become nonobese in adulthood have a significant reduction in their risk of developing cardiovascular disease. New biomarkers to improve risk assessment in obese youth are an open research field, which will eventually lead to a more targeted approach in prevention and treatment. Nevertheless, there is still a need for continuous research in understanding the roles of these biomarkers and their potential in risk prediction. Cardiovascular risk modification of childhood obesity depends on a more concerted effort among the various parties involved and particularly a global collaboration to stop the rising prevalence of the epidemic in developing countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T11:55:20Z","timestamp":1549022120000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Risk factors and predictive biomarkers of early cardiovascular disease in obese youth"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Howard Chong Huat","family":"Ho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3844-9463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernesto","family":"Maddaloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1490-6041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaella","family":"Buzzetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60460-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Facts and figures on childhood obesity. http:\/\/www.who.int\/end\u2010childohood\u2010obesityafcts\/en."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-014-0243-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.6361"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2011.00456.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12316"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3042"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.The top 10 causes of death.http:\/\/www.who.int\/en\/news\u2010room\/fact\u2010sheets\/detail\/the\u2010top\u201010\u2010causes\u2010of\u2010death."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.08.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-012-2344-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-014-0495-z"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"A114","article-title":"Body mass index and blood pressure screening in a rural public school system: the Healthy Kids Project","volume":"3","author":"Moore WE","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2012.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-9856-2014-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-1082"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-013-1932-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/jcrpe.1867"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2015.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2011.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv089"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057454"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.08.1017"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","first-page":"541","article-title":"Rising incidence and challenges of childhood diabetes. 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