{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T09:47:49Z","timestamp":1753868869706,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,18]],"date-time":"2019-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Metabolism Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Childhood obesity is encouraged by low physical activity (PA), time spent using screens (screen time, ST), and by sugar\u2010sweetened beverage consumption (SSBc). It is also influenced by unfavorable parents' characteristics, such as a high body mass index (BMI) and low education level (EL). Our aim was to evaluate the overall and specific influence of these factors on childhood adiposity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anthropometric parameters including BMI z\u2010score, waist circumference (WC), waist to height ratio (WtHR), and fat mass were measured in a cohort of 1702 schoolchildren (6.0\u201014.5\u00a0years, mean 10.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.8) and questionnaires concerning children's PA, ST, and SSBc, and parent's BMI and EL were administered to parents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overweight\/obesity prevalence was higher (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001) in males (57%) than in females (43%). Less physically active children (28.9%) had a higher prevalence of overweight\/obesity and higher BMI z\u2010score, WC, WtHR, and fat mass relative to more physically active children (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05). PA was negatively associated with the BMI z\u2010score (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.18, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001) and fat mass percentage (r\u00a0=\u00a00.18, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001). Children with more ST had higher WC and WtHR than non\u2010ST viewers (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05) but not BMI. Moreover, SSBc did not influence the anthropometric parameters. At multivariate analysis, male gender, less PA, and parental risk factors (parent's overweight\/obesity and low\/medium EL) were independently associated with overweight and obesity among childhood with a progressively increasing odds ratio (1.65, 1.40, and 1.80, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Male gender, behavioral risk factors (particularly low PA), and parent's characteristics are important correlates of obesity in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T02:38:26Z","timestamp":1561948706000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Impact of unhealthy childhood and unfavorable parents' characteristics on adiposity in schoolchildren"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Federica","family":"Vinciguerra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Catania  Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Tumminia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Catania  Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Roppolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Catania  Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luana Catena","family":"Romeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Catania  Catania 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