{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T09:48:00Z","timestamp":1753868880066,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,19]],"date-time":"2020-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Metabolism Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the association of seasonal and perinatal parameters with early age of type 1 diabetes (T1D) onset.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional review of all medical records of T1D patients born between the years 1990 and 2005, and diagnosed before\/by the age of 10\u2009years, from 13 university\u2010affiliated paediatric medical centres in Israel, was performed. Data included: gender, ethnicity, seasons of birth and disease onset, birth gestational age and weight, and autoimmune diseases of the probands and their first\u2010degree family members. Statistical analysis included the Chi\u2010square test or Mann\u2010Whitney test, as appropriate and multivariate regression analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Enrolled were 1571 T1D patients at a median age of T1D onset 6.9\u2009years (IQR 4.4,8.4); 336 of them presented before 4\u2009years of age. The median age of this group was 2.5\u2009years (IQR 1.7,3.2), and of the 1235 patients who presented after 4\u2009years of age, median presentation age was 7.5\u2009years (IQR 6.1,8.8). Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that a more recent birth year; OR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.02\u20101.1, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.003, and birth during the moderate weather months (September, October, March, and April) were significantly associated with younger age at T1D onset; OR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.17\u20102.4, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.005.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our novel finding demonstrates the association between younger than 4\u2009years old age at presentation and birth during moderate weather months. The results also support previous reports, that there is a slight increase in the annual incidence of T1D in the youngest age groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]],"date-time":"2020-04-09T09:36:36Z","timestamp":1586424996000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Birth during the moderate weather seasons is associated with early onset of type 1 diabetes in the Mediterranean area"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Adi","family":"Adar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Division of Pediatrics Assaf Harofeh Medical Center  Zerifin Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shlomit","family":"Shalitin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jesse Z. and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center of Childhood Diabetes Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel  Petah Tikva Israel"},{"name":"Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ori","family":"Eyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"},{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Dana\u2010Dwek Children's Hospital Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neta","family":"Loewenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolic Unit Soroka University Medical Center  Beer Sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Orit","family":"Pinhas\u2010Hamiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"},{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer  Ramat\u2010Gan Israel"},{"name":"The Juvenile Diabetes Center Maccabi Health Care Services  Ra'anana Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nehama","family":"Zuckerman Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Diabetes Clinic, Institute of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rambam Health Care Campus, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion  Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Orna","family":"Dally\u2010Gottfried","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Juvenile Diabetes and Pediatric Endocrinology and Pediatric Outpatient Clinics, Rebecca Ziv Hospital, Safed, affiliated to the School of Medicine Bar Ilan University  Safed Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zohar","family":"Landau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sackler School of Medicine Tel Aviv University  Tel Aviv Israel"},{"name":"Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit E. 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