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There are no data on the prevalence of CD in the Libyan population and Libyan DM patients. The aim of this study was to test the occurrence of CD\u2010related markers in a group of Libyan children with DM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cohort of 234 Libyan children with DM (121 males and 113 females) aged between 2 and 25 years and 50 healthy school children were screened for CD using the enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgA and IgG antigliadin (AGA), anti\u2010tissue transglutaminase (tTG), and anticalreticulin antibodies. An IgA antiendomysial antibody (EmA) was determined by immunofluorescence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty patients (21.3%) were positive for IgA\u2010 and\/or IgG\u2010AGA, tTG, and anticalreticulin antibodies. Nineteen of these patients were EmA positive and seven were EmA negative. From the EmA negative patients we found that five sera with IgA deficiency had high IgG class in antigliadin, anti\u2010tissue transglutaminase, and anticalreticulin antibodies. All these patients underwent intestinal biopsy. Twenty\u2010four had clear histological (atrophy) evidence of CD including the EmA negative patients with IgA deficiency; prevalence of CD in this study was thus 10.3%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of CD in diabetic children in Libya was found to be higher than in several European countries. Serological markers are useful for identifying DM patients who should undergo a small intestinal biopsy. 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