{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T17:10:56Z","timestamp":1789146656588,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Metabolism Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to assess adrenal gland volume by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to study its role as an indirect marker of impaired glucose metabolism and hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal (HPA) axis activation in a population\u2010based cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Asymptomatic participants were enrolled in a nested case\u2013control study and underwent a 3\u2010T MRI, including T1w\u2010VIBE\u2010Dixon sequences. For the assessment of adrenal gland volume, adrenal glands were manually segmented in a blinded fashion. Impaired glucose metabolism was determined using fasting glucose and oral glucose tolerance test. Cardiometabolic risk factors were also obtained. Inter\u2010 and intrareader reliability as well as univariate and multivariate associations were derived.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 375 subjects included in the analysis (58.5% male, 56.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09.1\u00a0years), 25.3% participants had prediabetes and 13.6% had type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Total adrenal gland volume was 11.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.2\u00a0ml and differed significantly between impaired glucose metabolism and healthy controls with largest total adrenal gland volume in T2DM (healthy controls: 10.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.9\u00a0ml, prediabetes: 12.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.8\u00a0ml, T2DM: 13.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.6\u00a0ml;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). In the multivariate analysis, association of T2DM and increased adrenal gland volume was independent of age, sex, hypertension, triglycerides and body mass index (BMI), but was attenuated in subjects with prediabetes after adjustment for BMI.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>T2DM is significantly associated with increased adrenal gland volume by MRI in an asymptomatic cohort, independent of age, sex, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and BMI. Adrenal gland volume may represent an indirect marker of impaired glucose metabolism and HPA axis dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T12:53:25Z","timestamp":1647608005000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Association of MRI\u2010based adrenal gland volume and impaired glucose metabolism in a population\u2010based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6553-7763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther","family":"Askani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Faculty of Medicine Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4788-2341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne","family":"Rospleszcz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010University Munich  Munich Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health  Neuherberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Lorbeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Ludwig\u2010Maximilans\u2010University Hospital  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Kulka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Faculty of Medicine Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricarda","family":"von Kr\u00fcchten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Faculty of Medicine Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"M\u00fcller\u2010Peltzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Faculty of Medicine Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dunja","family":"Hasic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Faculty of Medicine Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elias","family":"Kellner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Department of Radiology Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Reisert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Department of Radiology Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7804-1740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Rathmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology German Diabetes Center  Duesseldorf Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)  Neuherberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010University Munich  Munich Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health  Neuherberg Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)  Neuherberg Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Disease Research (DZHK e.V.)  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