{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T13:15:09Z","timestamp":1791724509858,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,21]],"date-time":"2022-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012331","name":"Agentschap Innoveren en Ondernemen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012331","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Metabolism Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exercise is part of type 1 diabetes (T1D) management due to its cardiovascular and metabolic benefits. However, despite using continuous glucose monitoring, many patients are reluctant to exercise because of fear for hypoglycaemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed trends in glucose, lactate and ketones during anaerobic and aerobic exercise in people with T1D and compared incremental area under the curve (AUC) between both exercises.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2010one men with T1D (median [IQR]: age 29\u00a0years [28\u201338], body mass index (BMI) 24.4\u00a0kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      [22.3\u201324.9], HbA1c 7.2% [6.7\u20137.8]), completed a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and a 60\u2010min aerobic exercise (AEX) at 60% VO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      peak on an ergometer bicycle within a 6\u2010week period. Subjects consumed a standardised breakfast (6\u00a0kcal\/kg, 20.2\u00a0g CHO\/100\u00a0ml) before exercise without pre\u2010meal insulin and basal insulin for pump users.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      During CPET, glucose levels increased, peaking at 331\u00a0mg\/dl [257\u2013392] 1\u20133\u00a0h after exercise and reaching a nadir 6\u00a0h after exercise at 176\u00a0mg\/dl [118\u2013217]. Lactate levels peaked at 6.0\u00a0mmol\/L [5.0\u20136.6] (max 13.5\u00a0mmol\/L). During AEX, glucose levels also increased, peaking at 305\u00a0mg\/dl [245\u2013336] 80\u00a0min after exercise and reaching a nadir 6\u00a0h after exercise at 211\u00a0mg\/dl [116\u2013222]. Lactate levels rose quickly to a median of 4.3\u00a0mmol\/L [2.7\u20136.7] after 10\u00a0min. Ketone levels were low during both tests (median\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.2\u00a0mmol\/L). Lactate, but not glucose or ketone AUC, was significantly higher in CPET compared to AEX (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.04).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Omitting pre\u2010meal insulin and also basal insulin in pump users, did prevent hypoglycaemia but induced hyperglycaemia due to a too high carbohydrate ingestion. No ketosis was recorded during or after the exercises.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Clinical Trial Registration<\/jats:italic>\n                      : ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05097339\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T14:58:51Z","timestamp":1652108331000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Trends of glucose, lactate and ketones during anaerobic and aerobic exercise in subjects with type 1 diabetes: The ACTION\u20101 study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5351-166X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"De Ridder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Member of the Infla\u2010Med Center of Excellence University of Antwerp Faculty of Medicine &amp; Health Science  Antwerp Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism Antwerp University Hospital  Edegem Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4377-7648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristien J.","family":"Ledeganck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Member of the Infla\u2010Med Center of Excellence University of Antwerp Faculty of Medicine &amp; Health Science  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0327-6304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedicte","family":"De Winter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Member of the Infla\u2010Med Center of Excellence University of Antwerp Faculty of Medicine &amp; Health Science  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rie","family":"Braspenning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism Antwerp University Hospital  Edegem Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana\u00eb","family":"Delbeke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indigo Diabetes n.v.  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