{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:42:41Z","timestamp":1791315761722,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]],"date-time":"2022-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Metabolism Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents the most frequent cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Our aim was to review the evidence and conduct a meta\u2010analysis assessing measures of arterial stiffness by pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx) in children and adolescents with T1DM compared to healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant studies published up to 10 May 2021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2010one studies were finally included in the meta\u2010analysis. The T1DM group had significantly higher carotid to femoral PWV levels than that of the control group (mean difference [d]: 0.53 CI: 0.35\u20130.71,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.00001) but with a fair heterogeneity (I 2:73%). By omitting one study with marked heterogeneity, mean difference in cfPWV remained significantly increased in the T1DM group compared to the control group (mean difference [d]: 0.37 CI: 0.27\u20130.48,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.00001) but with improved heterogeneity (\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      2\u00a0=\u00a026%). Regarding Aix, the T1DM group had a significantly higher AI@75 index than that of the control group (mean difference [d]: 0.28 CI: 0.17\u20130.39,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.00001) and with no heterogeneity (I 2\u00a0=\u00a08%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Youths with T1DM show increased arterial stiffness, either as increased carotid\u2010femoral pulse wave velocity or increased augmentation index, early in their course of life compared to healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRD42021253236<\/jats:p>\n                  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