{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T22:13:02Z","timestamp":1788041582513,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004572","name":"National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013BA109B12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013BA109B12"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004572","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012167","name":"National Science and Technology Infrastructure Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015BAI12B13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015BAI12B13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012167","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Metabolism Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, we used neuropsychological tests and neuroimaging to examine the cognitive functions and neuroimaging characteristics to explore the brain mechanism of cognitive deficits in patients with childhood\u2010onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 30 patients with childhood\u2010onset T1DM and 28 healthy controls (HC) participated in the study. Neuropsychological tests were used to assess intelligence quotient, memory, and executive function. Voxel\u2010based morphometry\u2010diffeomorphic anatomical registration through exponential lie algebra analysis and amplitude of low\u2010frequent fluctuation (ALFF) were performed to evaluate the brain grey matter volume and neural spontaneous activity for each participant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared with HC, patients with childhood\u2010onset T1DM showed a significant decline in verbal memory (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.001) and visual memory (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.002). Patients with T1DM had smaller grey matter volumes at the midbrain, thalamus, and cerebellar culmen. They demonstrated an increased ALFF value in the left precentral gyrus, left postcentral gyrus, left insula, and left supramarginal gyrus and a decreased ALFF value in the basal ganglia (putamen nucleus), right insula, right superior temporal gyrus, and cerebellar posterior lobe than the healthy control group. In the T1DM group, the ALFF value in the right insula was positively related to the verbal memory scores (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.423,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.025).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Childhood\u2010onset T1DM was associated with cognitive deficits and changes in brain structure and function. These findings suggest that the brain structural and functional alterations in these regions may be the neuropathology of cognitive deficits in patients with T1DM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T01:56:58Z","timestamp":1674093418000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Cognitive function and neuroimaging characteristics in patients with childhood\u2010onset type 1 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0568-9719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Psychological Center The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha China"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Hunan First Normal University  Changsha China"},{"name":"Hunan Key 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