{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:44:28Z","timestamp":1792172668908,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]],"date-time":"2023-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Metabolism Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between health literacy, unrealistic optimism, and adherence to glycometabolic disease management related to erectile dysfunction (ED) in male patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) or preDM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective observational study enroled 167 consecutive patients with T2D and ED. All patients underwent the following examinations: (a) medical history collection; (b) Body Mass Index (BMI) determination; (c) hormonal and biochemical assessment; (d) duration of T2D, complications and treatment; (e) International Index of Erectile Function\u20105 questionnaire to assess ED; and (f) validated questionnaire to evaluate health literacy, unrealistic optimism, and treatment adherence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, mean age was 62.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09.4\u00a0years (range: 20\u201375) and mean BMI was 28.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.8\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (range: 18.4\u201346.6). The mean IIEF\u20105 score was 15.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.2 (range: 5\u201325). The majority of patients showed high health literacy. However, low health literacy was found in patients with higher IIEF\u20105 scores and high BMI. Unrealistic optimism was low in most patients. Higher adherence to treatment was found in patients who reported regular physical activity, who followed a diet, and in patients with a family history of T2D. Regarding anti\u2010diabetic treatment, patients treated with insulin showed higher health literacy than patients not treated with other medications, whereas higher adherence was found in patients using SGLT2\u2010i.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study highlighted the close relationship between metabolic compensation, BMI, ED, and psychological attitudes, including health literacy and unrealistic optimism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T06:09:42Z","timestamp":1677218982000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Diabetes and erectile dysfunction: The relationships with health literacy, treatment adherence, unrealistic optimism, and glycaemic control"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2425-5609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Defeudis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes Department of Medicine University Campus Bio\u2010Medico di Roma  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences University Foro Italico of Roma  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rossella","family":"Mazzilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine Sapienza University of Rome  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiano","family":"Scandurra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry University of Naples Federico II  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfonso Maria","family":"Di Tommaso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes Department of Medicine University Campus Bio\u2010Medico di Roma  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5390-9221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danilo","family":"Cimadomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Valle Giulia GeneraLife IVF Center  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rocky","family":"Strollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio\u2010Medico di Roma  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antongiulio","family":"Faggiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine Sapienza University of Rome  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Migliaccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences University Foro Italico of Roma  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Napoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes Department of Medicine University Campus Bio\u2010Medico di Roma  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(12)60520\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.11.1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2015.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102605.2010.01117.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/cnv\u2010100000154"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.122091"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721414568341"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2016.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18\u2010s004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","unstructured":"Societ\u00e0 Italiana di Diabetologia (SID)Associazione dei Medici Diabetologi (AMD). Linea Guida Della Societ\u00e0 Italiana Di Diabetologia (SID) e Dell\u2019Associazione Dei Medici Diabetologi (AMD) \u2010 La Terapia Del Diabete Mellito Di Tipo 2.2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/cd22\u2010as01"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11123382"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3900472"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0090\u20104295(97)00238\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.157"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40200\u2010014\u20100096\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abl8503"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13192"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606\u2010019\u201004832\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18179316"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.20424"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005392\u2010200002000\u201000015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.13051"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12315"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573399815666190702161849"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and management of type 1 diabetes in Spain. The SED1 study","author":"G\u00f3mez\u2010Peralta F","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0103594"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2019.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.12.098"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijir.2016.38"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905\u2010020\u201000939\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3350"}],"container-title":["Diabetes\/Metabolism Research and Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dmrr.3629","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/dmrr.3629","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dmrr.3629","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T11:12:34Z","timestamp":1692270754000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dmrr.3629"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dmrr.3629"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dmrr.3629","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-7552","1520-7560"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-7552","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-7560","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-01-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e3629"}}