{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T20:29:19Z","timestamp":1792096159435,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]],"date-time":"2023-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Metabolism Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Diabetes\u2010related foot disease results in a major global burden for patients and the healthcare system. The International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) has been producing evidence\u2010based guidelines on the prevention and management of diabetes\u2010related foot disease since 1999. In 2023, all IWGDF Guidelines have been updated based on systematic reviews of the literature and formulation of recommendations by multidisciplinary experts from all over the world. In addition, a new guideline on acute Charcot neuro\u2010osteoarthropathy was created. In this document, the IWGDF Practical Guidelines, we describe the basic principles of prevention, classification and management of diabetes\u2010related foot disease based on the seven IWGDF Guidelines. We also describe the organisational levels to successfully prevent and treat diabetes\u2010related foot disease according to these principles and provide addenda to assist with foot screening. The information in these practical guidelines is aimed at the global community of healthcare professionals who are involved in the care of persons with diabetes. Many studies around the world support our belief that implementing these prevention and management principles is associated with a decrease in the frequency of diabetes\u2010related lower\u2010extremity amputations. The burden of foot disease and amputations is increasing at a rapid rate, and comparatively more so in middle to lower income countries. These guidelines also assist in defining standards of prevention and care in these countries. In conclusion, we hope that these updated practical guidelines continue to serve as a reference document to aid healthcare providers in reducing the global burden of diabetes\u2010related foot disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]],"date-time":"2023-05-27T13:28:29Z","timestamp":1685194109000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":529,"title":["Practical guidelines on the prevention and management of diabetes\u2010related foot disease (IWGDF 2023 update)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Nicolaas C.","family":"Schaper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division Endocrinology MUMC+, CARIM and CAPHRI Institute  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6420-6046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaap J.","family":"van Netten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Movement Sciences Program Rehabilitation  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Apelqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology University Hospital of Malm\u00f6  Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8357-9163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sicco A.","family":"Bus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Movement Sciences Program Rehabilitation  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Fitridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Adelaide  Adelaide Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5294-4789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fran","family":"Game","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust  Derby UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4586-2910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matilde","family":"Monteiro\u2010Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Portuguese Red Cross School of Health \u2013 Lisbon  Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"MEDCIDS \u2013 Departamento de Medicina da Comunidade Informa\u00e7\u00e3o e Decis\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"RISE@ CINTESIS Faculty of Medicine Oporto University  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5720-8908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Senneville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Gustave Dron Hospital Tourcoing; Univ\u2010lille  Lille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the IWGDF Editorial Board","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3651"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.36487"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3687"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3686"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3647"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3644"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3646"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3649"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3652"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3645"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3650"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","article-title":"Effectiveness of bedside investigations to diagnose peripheral artery disease among people with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review","author":"Chuter VH","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diab Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3701"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","article-title":"Effectiveness of revascularisation of the ulcerated foot in patients with diabetes and peripheral artery disease: a systematic review","author":"Chuter VH","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diab Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","article-title":"Diagnosis of infection in the foot in diabetes: a systematic review","author":"Senneville \u00c9","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diab Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","article-title":"Interventions in the management of infection in the foot in diabetes: a systematic review","author":"Peters EJG","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diab Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","article-title":"Effectiveness of interventions to enhance healing of chronic foot ulcers in diabetes: a systematic review","author":"Chen P","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diab Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3653"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3656"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3654"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3266"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/cir.0b013e318276fbcb"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33235\/wpr.29.3.148\u2010153"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863x20937665"}],"container-title":["Diabetes\/Metabolism Research and Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/dmrr.3657","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T04:38:29Z","timestamp":1758083909000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/dmrr.3657"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/dmrr.3657"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dmrr.3657","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-7552","1520-7560"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-7552","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-7560","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-04-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e3657"}}