{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T01:51:48Z","timestamp":1790214708048,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Q21H090076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Q21H090076"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Metabolism Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Increasing numbers of reports link vitamin D deficiency to diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), yet evidence regarding neurological deficits and electromyogram is scarce. The present\u00a0multi\u2010centre study sought to investigate these associations based on objective quantifications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Information on DPN\u2010related symptoms, signs, all diabetic microvascular complications, and nerve conduction abilities (quantified by nerve conduction amplitude and velocity, F\u2010wave minimum latency (FML) of peripheral nerves) were collected from a derivation cohort of 1192 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Correlation, regression analysis, and restricted cubic splines (RCS)\u00a0were used to explore linear and non\u2010linear relationships between vitamin D and DPN, which were validated in an external cohort of 223 patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients with DPN showed lower levels of vitamin D than those without DPN; patients with vitamin D deficiency (&lt;30\u00a0nmol\/L) tended to suffer more DPN\u2010related neurological deficits (paraesthesia, prickling, abnormal temperature, ankle hyporeflexia, and distal pall hypoesthesia correlating with MNSI\u2010exam score (\n                      <jats:italic>Y<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.005306X + 2.105,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.048). Worse nerve conduction abilities (decreased motor nerve amplitude, sensory nerve amplitude, motor nerve velocity, and increased FML) were also observed in these patients. Vitamin D had a significant threshold association with DPN (adjusted OR\u00a0=\u00a04.136,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.003; RCS\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      for non\u2010linearity\u00a0=\u00a00.003) and correlates with other microvascular complications (diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitamin D is associated with the conduction ability of peripheral nerves and may have a nerve\u2010 and threshold\u2010selective relationship with the prevalence and severity of DPN among patients with T2D.<\/jats:p>\n                  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